Immigration to Canada :: Canadian Canada History

Immigration to CanadaEarly immigration to Canada was generated by a network of transportation agents who were salesman who advertised to Canadas attractions to prospected immigrants. They targeted wealthy farmers, agricultural laborers and female domestics, preferably from Great Britain, the United States and Northern Europe.Canadas first immigration legislation, the Immigration Act of 1869 reflected the laissez-faire philosophy of the cartridge holder by not saying which classes of immigrants should be admitted but , merely that the governor could prohibit the landing of pauper or destitute immigrants at any Canadian port.The Chinese, who were arriving in large numbers to build the railway, were a special target of fear and suspicion. An act passed in 1885 to restrict and regulate Chinese immigration, was later complemented by motion taxes designed to discourage Chinese immigration. It wasnt until the 1960s that regulations and restriction to Chinese immigration were completely l ifted.The 19th century closed with a world wide depression and a slow down of immigration to the West. But all that changed in 1895, when Clifford Sifton was appointed as Minister of the Interior at the start of an economic recovery. Sifton believed that a loyalist peasant in sheep skin coat made the most desirable immigrant , and set out to attract people suited for farming, In 1896, 16,835 immigrants entered Canada. When Sifton left in 1905, the population was 141,464. It rocketed to 400,970 by 1913. Some three million newcomers arrived between 1896 and the outbreak of World War 1.But Siftons policies triggered criticism, despite success in attracting farmers. Immigration from primordial and southeastern Europe raised a ground swell of hostility on the prairies because residents didnt believe theses newcomers could assimilate readily into the dominant Anglo-Saxon society.The authorities treasured to keep African-Canadians out of Canada because they thought that they were useless to Canada.

St. Catherine of Siena Essay -- Essays Papers

St. Catherine of Siena Catherine of Siena was born in Italy in 1347 at a cartridge holder when political and religious changes were affecting the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Dedicating her life to the Holy Spirit from a very young age, Catherine pursued a life of artlessness and simplicity that served as a background to her great literary work, The Dialogue of the Divine Providence . Her work focuses on the importance of prayer and its transcendent world-beater in human life. In the early stages of Catherines life the surfacing modern age was bringing with it social turmoil which spread throughout Europe (Giordani 3). During Catherines life succession, fit to Mary Ann Sullivan in her essay St. Catherine of Siena, the center of Catholic rule fluctuated between Rome and Avignon and contributed to a schism between popes in Italy and France (1). Catherine was born 23rd in a line of 25 children and, according to Sullivan even at a young age, she sensed the troubled society aroun d her and wanted to help (1). plot her parents were not exceptionally religious, St. Catherines biographer Blessed Raymond of Capua discusses Catherines early zeal for Catholic practices When she was about five she learned the Hail Mary, and repeated it over and over again as often as she couldshe was inspired by heaven to address the Blessed Virgin in this way whenever she went up and down stairs, stopping to kneel on each step as she did so (24). Her devotion to the Virgin Mary would become especially important in a vision she had around this time while walking with her brother to visit one of her sisters. When Catherine was six she saw a bridal chamber up in the heavens with Jesus saviour who bestowed upon her the sign of the cross and his eternal bene... ...e University of Georgia Press, 1984. 252-255. Blessed Raymond of Capua. The Life of nonpareil Catherine of Siena . Trans. George Lamb. New York P.J. Kennedy and Sons, 1960. Catherine of Siena. The Dialogue of the Divine P rovidence . Trans. Algar Thorold. 1907. 25 Feb. 2004 . www.ccel.org/c/catherine/dialog/dialog.html Gardner, Edmund G. Saint Catherine of Siena . London J.M. Dent & Co., 1907. Giordani, Igino. Catherine of Siena Fire and Blood . Trans. Thomas J. Tobin. Milwaukee The Bruce Publishing Company, 1959. Meiss, Millard. Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death . New York Princeton University Press, 1979. Petroff, Elizabeth Alvilda. Medieval Womens Visionary literary works . New York Oxford University Press, 1986. Sullivan, Mary Ann. St. Catherine of Siena . 1996. 29 Feb. 2004 . www.op.org/domcentral/trad/stcather.htm

Child Labor and Sweatshops are a Current Problem in the Fashion Industr

Child Labor and Sweatshops are a Current Problem in the Fashion Industry Many societies face the lots overlooked problem of child labor and sweatshops in the fashion industry. Recently, Americans were stunned to learn that their apple pie sweetheart, Kathie Lee Gifford was associated with the exploitation of underage workers in Honduras. Giffords story began the resurgence of knowledge of the growing problem of sweatshops in todays society. Contrary to popular belief, sweatshops still exist across the world in both third world countries and superintendent powers such as America. Sweatshops incorporate the inhumane exploitation of workers, many of whom are underage, by providing extremely low wages as well as expecting surrealistic time commitments. In addition, the workers lack benefits and very few sweatshops abide by the required health codes. Sweatshops are obviously a growing problem that entrust not disappear with out change. Although the United States government has begun to take steps to alleviate the problem, there must be an increase in both sense and legislation. The belief that the archaic-like prisons known as sweatshops have been abolished, has been proven false. They do, in fact, exist in not only foreign countries but also in America. The ill-usage of human rights is demonstrated as more than half the 22, 000 garment contractors in the United States dont pay workers minimum wage, according to the Labor Department, and working conditions are deplorable...Americans were scare to learn last August of 72 Thai laborers imprisoned in El Monte, Near Los Angeles, who were forced to work up to 22 hours a day, vii days a week at $1.60 an hour (Yeh). More evidence is uprooted daily which... ...stry and Codes of Conduct. Online. HTML. Internet. 25 April 1997.Johnson, Paul. American Government. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1994.Knoebel, Edgar. The Modern World. Orlando Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.Nifong, Christina. No Sweat Pact to castrate Garme nt Worker Abuse. The Christian Science Monitor Online. HTML. Internet. 14 April 1997.Reuter. Clinton Unveils Clothing Sweatshop Pact. Online. HTML. Internet. 16 April 1997. Wendel, Melissa. Fashion Majors, Dont Sweat It. Online. HTML. Internet. 14 April 1997.Wilson, David. Apparel Task Force Fiasco. Online. HTML. Internet. 25 April 1997.Wilson, David. Fashion Industry Forum. Online. HTML. Internet. 25 April 1997.Yeh, Emerald and McMurray, Christine. Sweatshop Bargains A Shoppers Dilemma. Online. HTML. Internet. 14 April 1997.1 Labor Alerts is a service campaign for labor rights.

Converting Switchgrass to Biofuel Essay -- Biology Ethanol Alternative

Introduction People need energy, its a position. We need it for our cars, for our televisions and for our iPods. We need it whole the time, every day. The simple fact is though, we are running out. Carbon based fuels are being used at an alarming rate every day. And every day our demand increases as our society becomes more and more reliant on technology.There is only so much oil in the valet though and when that is gone we need to look for alternative sources of energy. Sources like ethanol acquired from Switchgrass.In 2004 an clause was published on the creation of ethanol from gases made from switchgrass. The article was titled, Fermentation of Biomass-Generated Producer Gas to Ethanol.This article held produced several interesting results. First it demonstrated that producer gas could be generated from biomass (Switchgrass) and that the producer gas could be fermented to produce ethanol. Second the cells stopped growing but did not die. During this period of non-growth ethan ol was produced. Third H2 utilization ceased and fourth cells began growing again if clean bottled gases were introduced following word picture to the producer gas (Datar, Shenkman, Cateni, Huhnke and Lewis 2004, p. 1.) Switchgrass Panicum virgatumWhy switchgrass? Thats the question of the hour. And to tell there truth there are a lot of reasons. Firstly and foremost is the fact that there are millions of dollars in government funding available. Secondly switchgrass is grown across the entire center of the united states in a variety of environments.Switchgrass is braw and adaptable, it grows large and fast, sometime reaching slightly over ten feet in height. As a bonus switchgrass also processes water very efficie... ...ide, 4.4% Hydrogen Gas, and 4.2% Methane gas. The tangible gasified switch grass however, did not have this composition and had some unknown molecule or molecules that was damaging to the cells.This unknown molecule or molecules could be oxygen, nitric oxide, or ammonia, all of which are known to negatively affect cells. This article was published in 2004 and, the follow up experiment that addresses these impurities was conducted by the selfsame(prenominal) people in 2005. In this experiment they found that the gas did in fact have many impurities and an extensive gas cleaning procedure demand to be implemented in order to effectively harvest ethanol from the bacteria P7. The molecule that was mostly responsible for disrupting the cell was nitric oxide. All in all it seems entirely viable to use this biological process in order to manufacture ethanol for wide spread use.

Essay --

Subway is the largest single branded international sandwich fast food restaurant franchise. They generally sell submarine sandwiches and salads. They are the fastest growing franchises in the world with 40735 restaurants in 102 countries.Subway was started by an ambitious 17 year old spunky school graduate, Fred Deluca , in 1965. He started this business partly because he needed money to aid his education fees. Fred Deluca approached his friend, Dr. Buck, to borrow a thousand dollars to start the business. They lastly became business partners and overt Petes Super Submarines. They opened a second outlet and they changed the name to SUBWAY, coloured bright yellow. This is to attract more customers with their companys name.Background informationThe Subway story started in 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut during August. 17 year old Fred DeLuca dreamed of becoming a medical doctor. He was in need of money as he had to pay for his tuition so he worked in a hardware store. He could only allow lunch at McDonalds even though he had his salary. This gave him an idea of running a fast-food venture that provides better and healthier food. He got the solution during his family grill in a conversation with a family friend, Dr. cocksucker Buck. Peter then loaned him a $1000 which was enough to open a shop in Bridgeport, which was named Petes Submarine after Peter Buck. But it was later changed to Petes Subway as the transportation system was nearby in New York.In 1966, Fred and Peter made enough money to open a second store, but they knew it was in a poor location. They found a better location and it was opened till today. Fred continued attending his college while running Subway at the same time. By 1973, he and Buck managed to ha... ... their stores within few miles because it is much more convenient. DemographicSubway segment their market demographically by providing different foods. For example, Subway in India does not devour beef and Subway in Malaysia does not have pork because of their religion and beliefs.PsychographicSubway is able to segment their market on eating habits. Health conscious people are more likely to taint Subway as it is fresh rather than buying a burger which is oily and unhealthy. BehavioralSubway knows that busy people, parties and events need food. That is why they provide catering services. post StrategySubways strategy is making their food as fresh as possible. They bake their breads fresh daily, they offer more ingredient than any other of their contention and their customers can customize their own sandwich which gives them more freedom of choice.

Essay --

Subway is the largest single branded international sandwich fast food restaurant franchise. They primarily sell submarine sandwiches and salads. They are the fastest increment franchises in the world with 40735 restaurants in 102 countries.Subway was started by an ambitious 17 year old high school graduate, Fred Deluca , in 1965. He started this business partially because he needed money to aid his education fees. Fred Deluca approached his friend, Dr. Buck, to borrow a thousand dollars to start the business. They eventually became business partners and candid Petes Super Submarines. They opened a second outlet and they changed the name to SUBWAY, coloured bright yellow. This is to attract more customers with their companys name.Background informationThe Subway story started in 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut during August. 17 year old Fred DeLuca dreamed of becoming a medical doctor. He was in need of money as he had to pay for his tuition so he worked in a hardware store. He co uld only afford lunch at McDonalds even though he had his salary. This gave him an idea of political campaign a fast-food venture that provides better and healthier food. He got the solution during his family barbecue in a conversation with a family friend, Dr. pecker Buck. Peter then loaned him a $1000 which was enough to open a shop in Bridgeport, which was named Petes Submarine after Peter Buck. But it was subsequent changed to Petes Subway as the transportation system was nearby in New York.In 1966, Fred and Peter made enough money to open a second store, but they knew it was in a poor location. They found a better location and it was opened till today. Fred continued attending his college while running Subway at the same time. By 1973, he and Buck managed to ha... ... their stores within few miles because it is much more convenient. DemographicSubway part their market demographically by providing different foods. For example, Subway in India does not have beef and Subway i n Malaysia does not have pork because of their religion and beliefs.PsychographicSubway is able to segment their market on eating habits. Health conscious people are more likely to buy Subway as it is fresh rather than purchasing a burger which is oily and unhealthy. BehavioralSubway knows that busy people, parties and events need food. That is why they provide catering services.Positioning StrategySubways strategy is making their food as fresh as possible. They bake their breads fresh daily, they offer more ingredient than any other of their competitor and their customers can customize their own sandwich which gives them more freedom of choice.

Contract la w

Businesses need to plan their affairs relying on the fact that contracts mess be enforced In order to malting the web of Interdependent relationships. Contracts argon a way of enforcing agreements. One needs to anticipate the future as In thinking what can go right and what can go equipment casualty, relieve bingleself It allows one to project into the future e. G wanting things to work out a certain way in the future, and so a contract can be used to have people do things into the future or protect you from things that can go wrong in the future.Its non Just a reactive thing but It gives one the possibility of planning Into the future. It has a wealthiness mastication function also since it is an exchange of goods and assistants to someone who value them the most such as one set the object In a store more than the money in ones pocket and the store values the money In ones pocket than the object they have in their store (objective and subjective approach egg when determining the value of something).This as such creates wealth in society by moving goods and services to those who value it more. One flaw nevertheless is transaction greet such as advertisement cost etc, so contracts do non come for free it takes time and effort. The biggest transaction cost in interact Is legal cost. Efficiency certainty (structure) needed for a proper contract. Is there and agreement? Objective approach is taken, what would a neutral person think looking at the transaction.A Judge does not have to demo rupture or negligence the only thing required in a contract case is one agreeing to do one thing in contract but fails to follow that agreement and as such one is entitled to sue the other in breach of contract. No need for fault or intentional wrongdoing. It all flows from agreement, not about fault, it is about agreement and breach of the said agreement. Is it legally enforceable? Some agreements are Just not enforced legally such as two friends making an agreemen t. Entitled to sue and get a remedy when some other person to that contract fails to remove out their part.Contract is important due to the remedy that is given. Remedy one remedy is being put back in the place you were before the contract was executed, another(prenominal) is where one is put in the expected stance meaning the position one would be in had the contract been properly carried out usually cherished by the claimants, as it relates to the defendant one asks how much they have gained as in getting more money but the principle is that one should not gain from reaching a contract, another approach is the moral approach where it is immoral to breach a promise since a contract is where promises are made.Punitive (punishing for wrong performance) is usually non-existent however countries such as the USA suing for punitive damages is available. Contract law takes an expectation approach rather than a doctrine approach. engross someone agrees to pay a fee for their service, they spent some money advertising the event and selling the ticket, performer offered a better deal and so breach the contract by taking the other Job and as such they breached the contract for their original performance and so tickets needed to be refunded.As it relates to conviction approach one can claim money was waste don advertisement and service fee all of which are reliance loss however as it relates to expectation one looks at the money that they could have gained from the ticket selling whilst still taking into consideration the money paid for advertising and service and so one is claiming for the expectation loss for the ticket that could have been sold. Either they person performs what they promise or one is put in the position had he performed it properly.Expectation interest allows one to plan based on the contract. Reliance interest expectation protect ones ability to rely on a contract. As it relates to reliance loss one has to prove that had he not made the contr act with one he would have made the contract with the same benefit from another agreement. Reliance can be used also where the contract is formed in a unfair manner such as duress since one would not want to be put in the position had the contract been carried out one would want to be put in a position before the contract was made.

Explain why Martin Luther King was considered an Uncle Tom Essay

There are a number of reasons as to why Martin Luther nance was and still is referred to as an Uncle Tom by some. An Uncle Tom is a black man who behaves in a subservient manner to whites. Malcolm X, among numerous other blacks, referred to King in this manner.Firstly, umteen blacks at the time saw Kings non-violence practices as being overly moderate and passive. This is for a number of reasons, mainly that the Negro extremists he criticised dismiss his passion for non violence and was charged as hindering the Negro struggle for equality. Many extremists and those who hoped to go about matters more actively saw King as shying away from the real problem and not confronting matters head-on. He was perceived by many radicals as being all talk, no action having brought high the hopes of many young blacks, such as in riot-stricken Ohio, and having done nothing to fulfil the hopes.Moreover, Malcolm X considered King as an Uncle Tom because he was adamant on apply non-violence as a po litical philosophy. Malcolm X sat Kings insistence on using non-violence as a principle, as being self-destructive and argued that he was an Uncle Tom because non violence only makes sense in a situation under which the person has control over. Malcolm X advocated the idea of self-defence and so saw Kings idea of inter-dependence as being as obsequious as Uncle Tom.Lastly, Martin Luther King was considered an Uncle Tom because he had similar methods to that of previous warrant figures who were also labelled as Uncle Toms. An example is Rosa Parks who used passive methods to get her way and so was called an Uncle Tom. Similarly, King was using a moderate approach and so was given the same label as those who had previously gone about their business similarly.All in all Martin Luther King was considered an Uncle Tom due to the influence of Malcolm X, whose more confrontational methods appealed to black youths who were disappointed with Kings failure to fulfil their hopes. Malcolm Xs influence resulted in many other blacks sharing the ideology that King was an Uncle Tom this together with the fact that previous icons had been labelled in the same way, led to the growing doctrine that King was an Uncle Tom.

Divergent Book Review

From the edge of apocalypse, humanity has reorganized itself into five factions, each of which preserve and live by a single value. People who believe society fell apart because of greed formed the faction of Abnegation (the Selfless), sworn off of practices considered self-indulgent and pledge to act selflessly. Those who believe the collapse was due to ignorance pledged themselves to the Erudite (the Intelligent), sworn to a never-ending path of complete knowledge acquisition. Those who feel that human humbug wreaked havoc in the world took the banner of Candor (the Honest), pledging to always speak their minds and the truth.Those who feel that aggression was the root of societys collapse became the members of Amity (the Peaceful), fetching the mantle of peace at all costs. And finally, those who feel that the root of all their problems stemmed from cowardliness formed the tribe of the stout (the Brave), the faction of the courageous and strong. born(p) into a Abnegation famil y, Beatrice (the main character) has lived her life trying to preserve the values of her parents. Wearing grey clothing, the required style of her faction, Beatrice wants to be as selfless as the rest of her family, but faction beliefs, do not come naturally to her.Torn between her love of her family and following her tone, Beatrice struggles in her Abnegation faction. Observing the chaos of the Dauntless children as they jump from running trains on the way to school, Beatrice feels conflicted. Society orders that each year, all sixteen-year-olds must take an aptitude test, which determines the faction they are most fit for. The test is followed by a Choosing Ceremony, where each person must decide which faction they would stay in for the rest of their lives, living under the signpost of Faction Before Blood. Beatrices aptitude results are undecided.It is revealed to her, in secret, that she is one of a very rare branch of the population a Divergent. Her tests show that she does not parentage into one of the five factions, but displays traits from three factions Erudite, Abnegation, and Dauntless. Having been taught at an early age, by her father, of the ruthless ways of the Erudite faction, she immediately rules out that faction. When her time to choose arrives, she follows her heart and chooses to be selfish but brave, abandoning her family and choosing Dauntless. Initiation soon begins, leading to major changes for her, including renaming herself Tris.With only ten spots available in the faction and more than parallel that number of hopefuls, Tris get through a difficult initiation trial and discovers what she is truly made of, and what it means to be Divergent, including the dangers of the name. She confronts her fears and uncovers her own wants with the help of her instructor, Tobias, also called Four. She is also befriended by Christina, Will, and Al, her fellow faction transfers. What follows is a physical and emotional trial for Tris as she mana ges her secret and finds the evils of one of the other factions.

Education Essay

This word is an important element that a person should encounter. You are said to be a professional if you have congruous cultivation. People will respect you when you have been to school and finished you studies. nigh said that you are nothing if you havent gone to school and regulate things. People will just look down to you if you are not an educated person. You have no direction in your life if you tangle witht have this element in your life. Others said that you have no directions in your life. But what is really the meaning of this so called education?For me, I do rely in the meaning that Socrates stated, that education is not the physical process of inserting information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge come forward from him it is the drawing out of what is in the sense. This statement is really proven. Our minds when were born in this world has already something on it. God already put ideas and knowledge on it. But we just dont know near it. It needs to be developed. We dont know how to intake our ideas or for what is it. We pile compare it into a science.If a skill of a person is not to be developed, then, the person will neer know that he/she posses that kind of ability or talent. The person will never know that he/she posses that kind of talent if he will not try to explore things. So, the job of a t separatelyer in is to bring out what is in spite of appearance of the person. Her job is to bring out or draw out what is in the mind of the person. This is how a teacher educates the child. If we will observe in the class, we can see that some students can get easily the point on what the teacher was trying to say.The pupil can understand the topic simply by just listening to the teacher. It is because our minds already posses those kind of information but we just dont know that it is for that certain topic. This hidden ideas or information that we have can be developed in so many ways. These are in any case some ways on ho w the person can be educated. scratch is through reading books, comics, magazines and other reading materials. The person can learn something out of these things. These is an aid for him in learning things. The second is through teachings.The information that is melodic phrase in the mind of the person can be educed by teaching him some things. By giving him ideas of those things. This is the most common way in educating the person. A person really knows but the information inside him needs to be extracted so that he may competent to use this in his daily life. in that respect are also some proofs that can support the interpretation of Socrates. Examples are the primitive people. They dont go school and no one also teaches them on how to use different tools in cutting woods, slaying animals and even on how to build houses.But why is it that they are capable of doing those things during their time? It is because in that respect are already set of information that is inside the ir mind that is ready to extract. That is the reason why even if no one teaches them on how to make tools and how to use it, they still invent tools out of rocks so that they will have things that can help them in their every day living in the jungle. Education is the process of developing the information that is already in the mind of a person. The role of the teacher is just not to teach as if there is nothing in the mind of the person.She should not teach as if she is the only person that knows the things that she is teaching. Even if we said that there is already information in the mind of the person that is cosmos stock their, it is not understood that all the students that being educated can easily get what the teacher is trying to say. Not all students read in advance about their lessons. It is only through reading that some students can get it easily the things that being discussed in the class. It is the time that they refreshed their minds.The paper tells us that when we heard of the word education, the first thing that comes up into our mind is that the teacher will stuff knowledge or information to the minds of the student. But according to Socrates, education is not the stuffing of information into a person, but instead, extracting knowledge out from him. He said that it is the process of drawing out what is in the mind. So, generally speaking, the mind of the person is not empty of information and ideas. There are already ideas that are stock in the person that it needs to be brought out.Therefore, it is not needed to cram ideas into the person. As Errest Hocking also stated in his theory that the most important of what a man has is the instruction that he has inside of him. So, these means that it is important that every person must have a principle in his life of an instruction so that he may able to understand things well. Socrates has proven to us his definition of education through the dialogue, the meno, when he takes a son that has never been to school in his whole life.When he told the boy about geometry, the spectators were amazed that in the first place the boy really knows about geometry because the ideology of geometry is really in him. Its like that it is in the bug of his tongue. It is waiting to be awaked. So this tragedy tells us that each one of us has the knowledge of all things but it is just waiting to be called by the educators. This is the job of the educators its not their job to fill in ideas to the minds of the people but to awaken their knowledge in them.The paper also said that the teacher must let his student think on her own and let her use the resources and not just stuffing too many miscellaneous things to her. That is also one reason that the person could not learn to develop her own idea inside her mind. A student once said that as she discharge more time studying and reading the things that her taught her, she was not able to think in her self and she was not able to express her own thin king about the certain topic because of it.Teaching is not just to stuff information and ideas and then seal them up afterward, but it is the process of opening it and learns how to cultivate them. If each one of us just knows how to develop our thinking and our ideas, then for sure, we will be what we want our selves to be. Because deep inside us, there is something that needs to be develop. Some teachers just stuff things in our mind not knowing that there is something that needs to be developed in the mint of the student. She is not applying the real definition of education.

Crisis hostage management/criminal justice Essay

It is saddening when every day we read about reports of warranter taking happening every over the world. Reports from police intelligence departments across the world indicate that, hostage taking fictional characters ranges from kidnapping of infants to taking hostage of crew of big water vessels, as is rampant along the coast of Somalia in Africa. US is not an exeption, infact many cases of hostage taking have been reported especially in the southern piece states. An example of hostage taking case happened at Hillary Rodham Clintons campaign offices in Rochester, New Hampshire.A nicely dressed grey haired man known as Leeland Eisenberg walked into the offices on a Friday demanding to talk to Hillary Clinton about helping him get mental health care and ended up taking at least quintuplet people hostage including an infant. The ordeal went on until night when the last hostage walked to freedom and the hostage taker peacefully surrendered to the police. Although Eisenberg had a packet of road flares taped on his body, when he was persuaded by the states police negotiator he gave up and surrendered to SWAT police team. tally to Hillary Clinton as she addressed a press conference subsequently in Portsmouth that night, Eisenberg was in need of help and was seeking attention in absolutely the wrong way. Eisenberg was held on state charges of kidnapping and reckless conduct, federal charges were beingness considered. (http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/22043358). Another hostage taking incidence occurred in Louisville whereby a mother (Gail Lynn Coontz) killed her two children aged 14 and 10 years in their beds and later went to a college she attended with a gun before handing over the weapon to the colleges health counselor.The threat at Louisville University College ended with no injuries about half an hour after it began, but school officials asked police to check on the children, which were found dead with gunshot wounds. Mrs. Coontz was taken to a psychiatric clinic and later taken to Louisville jail. According to university police, Maj. Kenny Brown, she was charged with terrorist threatening for pointing a gun at a police officer. (http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/23827059). The two counts of hostage taking were very different from one another beca accustom the firstborn case was carried out in a mild manner i. e.no violence was reported, the road flares posed some considerable danger, had the suspect decided to use them. The hostage taker was just trying to seek attention according to Hilary Clinton because he unconditionally released the hostages after persuasion by a police negotiator. The second case was a serious one, with the suspect having shot dead her two children earlier on. Its true that both hostage taking incidences were perpetuated by people who were undergoing psychological problems. For instance Eisenberg had a court case filled by his wife for drug abuse, assault, and verbal threats, while Mrs.Coontz was a window and the refore was stressed by family burden. In both incidences of hostage taking, the hostage takers were persuaded into giving up peacefully, i. e. they never put up any violent resistence. in view of the US governments indemnity on hostage taking threats, based on past experience, making concessions that benefit hostage takers in exchange of release of hostages increased the danger that others forget be taken hostage. At the same time the US government always makes every effort to contact the captors or even their representatives so as to secure the release of hostages.under current US law, 18 USC 1203(act for prevention and punishment of the crime of hostage taking, enacted oct 1984),seizure of a US citizen as a hostage anywhere in the world is a crime and therefore subject to investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and to prosecution by US authorities (http//www. state. gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/8190. htm. ) In the first incidence Eisenberg was sweet talked to by a state pol ice negotiator into giving up and surrendering peacefully to the police. And in the second case Mrs.Coontz although pointed a gun to police a officer she voluntarily gave out the gun to the college health counselor. This shows clearly that the negotiators contend their part professionally and with a lot of patient. From both counts its evident that very minimal force was applied by the police to free the hostages. In the first incidence for instance, although police camped outside the building they never attempted to use excess force lest they provoke the hostage taker into doing a nasty action. Similarly, in the second incidence police played safe until Mrs. Coontz surrendered the gun to the college health counselor voluntarily.Therefore the outcomes of both cases of hostage taking were a success on the part of police since no one taken hostage was injured and the suspects were apprehended. The articles from which I extracted these two hostage taking counts were fairly written, pr oviding detailed information about the hostage takers, and the hostage taking incidence. But the part on negotiation between the suspects and the negotiators was not well expounded in both counts. Readers would want to know the agreements booster cable to the softening of hostage takers and hence giving up. The writers also gave very little coverage on police action about the incidences.The motive of the killings of the two children by their mother should have been provided . References A man takes more than five people hostage at Sen. Hilary Clintons campaign office in Rochester N, H, available at 1) http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/22043358 accessed on April 15, 2008 a mom takes terrorizes a college with a gun after killing her own two children, available at 2)http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/23827059accessed on April 15, 2008 US indemnity on hostage taking threats, available at 3) http//www. state. gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/8190. htm accessed on April 15, 2008

The Life of Adam: Heroes Don’t Run

Heroes Dont mellow A Novel of the Pacific War Author Harry Mazer Brennan Gaspard October 2, 2009 5th hour, Mrs. Reeves Heroes Dont Run A Novel of the Pacific War written by Harry Mazer. This is a fiction falsehood with a lot of action and history. Reading this story made me feel like I was really there along the side of hug drug during the Pacific war. Adam is determined to serve his country in honor of his incur, a naval officer, who was killed in Pearl Harbor. Adam enlisted in the Marines hoping that serving his country would be honoring his fathers wishes.It was what his father would put up expected of him. Adam felt like he had to do his part by serving in the Pacific war before it ended. What Adam didnt know was that war was not at all like he expected. In 1944, Adam Pelko, waits for his eighteenth birthday to come so he rotter sign up with the Marines and serve his country. The story began in Bakersfield, California where Adam lived with his mother and little sister Bea. Adam was only seventeen years disused and could not get his mind off of signing up for the Marines.He knew his mother was against him signing up, but he had to follow his dream. Adam finally got the opportunity when he got to visit his grandfather, Osker Pelko, who lived in Watertown, New York. He served in World War I and understood why his grandson wanted to sign up so bad. Adams grandfather signed him up even though he too did not want to lose him because he had already lost his son, Adams father to war. Adam is sent to boot camp, then to Okinawa to fight the Japanese and to do his part in the Pacific war.During the war Adam friends Ben and Rosie are killed. Adam has uniform memories about his father and witnesses unforgettable experiences. Adams leg gets injured by a mortar shell blast that blows fragments of rock, dirt, and even bits of bone into his body. He is sent to the Aiea Naval hospital in Honolulu. Adam had to have several operations and a cast put on his leg. While in the hospital Adam thinks about his two friends Rosie and Ben beingness real heros because they were killed in battle.In the summer of 1945, Adams was released and able to go home. As soon as he the ship docked he called his mother and grandfather to tell them he was coming home. After being released by the doctors at the San Diego Marine hospital, Adam goes home to California. in one case Adam finally gets home he realizes that the whole war isnt about the guns or killing people. He was put in the situation to fight for his invigoration and his opinion about war had changed. He remembered how scared he got and tried to avoid fighting.He did not feel like a hero. Adam also completed what he had put his mother through having her worry if he was alive or dead. He considered giving her the purple heart and saying, Its for you too, mom. Adam enjoyed being home with his family and did not want to talk about the war. He did not feel like a hero, even though he had fought for his cou ntry or else of running. I really liked this story because it showed me what soldiers have to go through to keep our freedom.

Reconstruction of African Americans Dbq Essay

New Societies, new concourse, and new communities usually originate as a result of migration. People dissolve to move from one lay to another for better opportunities, better lives, and new challenges. This remains true for the African American race as well. It has been believed that the original migration took place in 1619 when African Americans arrived to Jamestown, Virginia. However, the first African Americans migrated to the United States some a century earlier in the 1500s coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other split of the S offh.African-American Migration Experience Though many migrated to the U. S. voluntarily, most African Americans were victims of massive enslavement. War, slave raiding, kidnapping and political religious struggle accounted for the vast majority of Africans deported to the Americas. African Americans were forced into slavery. Many children were kidnapped and sold as slaves. There were those of whi ch who rebelled by refusing to be enslaved that would be expelled from their homes and families then either murdered or forced to be slaves. slavery developed because the Northern Africans had a monopoly over spices, gold, and other commodities that the Europeans wanted. Europe would send ships back and forth to Africa to trade goods and in the process they were able to grow promiscuous with navigating the seas. As a result, Europe was able to develop very good shipbuilding skills that in turn led to the sending of large vessels. That moved the Lusitanian to add an additional commodity to their cargo African men, women, and children.The Portuguese then use African Americans as slaves to work their sugar plantations. Over time side and Dutch ships preyed on the Portugal vessels for slaves, while raiding and looting the African mainland. Slaves were brought to the United States of America during the triangular trade. Ships were built to handle a maximum of 350 people, but Europeans would carry-over over 800 men, women, and children under some of the harshest conditions. Slaves would be branded, stripped naked during the entire trip, lying down in the midst of filth, all while enduring intolerable heat.All slaves went through frightening, incredibly brutal and dehumanizing experiences. Women and children were raped for the pleasures of the crew. The sick were tossed overboard unto the sea. People who tried to starve themselves to death were forced to eat by the rack of scolding hot coal pressed onto their bodies. African-American Migration Experience Those who survived the Middle Passage arrived to America only to encounter more grief. They were sent to plantations and farms for agricultural duties.They were used for mining, and placed in towns as servants. In South Carolina and Georgia they grew rice, cotton, and indigo. In Louisiana they slaved over sugarcane plantations. They labored over tobacco farms in Virginia and Maryland. This went on until 1808 whe n the United States abolished its slave trade from Africa. However, slave trade went on unabated until 1860. In 1898 the boll weevil ate its way through Texas and proceeded to eat its way East crossways the South. The cotton was destroyed and slaves were thrown off of the land.After WWI there was an economic boom that resulted in the need for agricultural work, but unfortunately most states in the South passed the Jim Crow laws that discriminated against African Americans and led to segregation. African Americans couldnt attend the same schools as white Americans. They couldnt use facilities such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, cinemas, and prevalent baths. Public transportation was also segregated and in some states marriage between white and black people. African Americans were at the mercy of landlords, abusive employers, and almost anyone set on depriving them of their rights.This went on until president Franklin D. Roosevelt was forced to issue an executive order mandating the end to racial discrimination. The Fair Employment Practices Committee was created to enforce this mandate, which acted as the launching pad that would bare dividends in the future. Riots erupted in 1943, leading to beatings, deaths, and arrest. African American then resulted to boycotts and sit-ins during the Civil Rights movement. As a result, the Supreme Court converse the separate but equal doctrine in 1954, ruling in Brown v.Board of Education. There was also the 1964 Civil Rights knead and the 1965 Voting Rights Act that signaled an attack on Jim Crow. The African-American Migration Experience This report reveals the enormous amount of pain, grief, and violence suffered by my ancestors during slavery. I am so appreciative to all those people who marched, boycotted, and endured the pain and suffering so that my children and I could have the freedom to eat in any restaurant, sleep at any hotel, drink water out of any fountain, and go to school to get a good education.I may n ot be able to relate culturally to the ethnic root that I have written about because I am way too young, but that doesnt change the fact that I recognize what they fought and stood for and I plan to make sure that my children are taught the history of how African Americans migrated to the United States, and what they went through to get here. References In Motion. The African-American Migration Experience. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from http//www. inmotionaame. org/home. cfm.

Language Barrier Analysis

Language is defined as the words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them utilise and understood by a residential district. It is all around us everyday, being used by severally individual to communicate with one another. Without it, the world would be at loss. Although nomenclature can act in a uniting fashion, it can alike be a divisor among poeople and society. Just wish well for the deuce pot, burn markya Barrientos and Amy Tan, phrase was used to unite each of them with their family yet caused problems to arise, which would divide them from their own community or society.Each author uses their own life examples relating the stories to each other yet one author is ostracized from her native people, the other, by an English dissertation society. In this we are going to look at two stories side by side and how they re tardy to one another and how they differentiate. In Tanya Barrientos Se Habla Espanol she explains how she was born into a Spanish oration family however when they moved to American when she was three, her and her family stopped speaking English.They way she looked at it was back then, speaking Spanish meant all you could do was wait tables and clean hotel rooms and were constantly being looked down on and criticized. Because of this Barrientos enjoyed her Americanized egotism and that she often acted as to not know any Spanish to feel superior. She believed that by last outing away from Spanish, that stereo events would stay away from her. Once America changed its views on ethnic identity and people were celebrating the ethnic diversity, the Latino community was held together by the Spanish language, yet it was that which kept her apart.She finally decided to swallow her pride and enclothe out to learn the language people imitation she already knew. Although she can follow a liberal part of Spanish dialogue, she still gets caught up over rocky construction. She believes in that respect are others out thither just like her though. In Amy Tans story Mother Young Amy takes a look on the unhomogeneous types of English she uses in her life. She talks about who and what had influenced this type of language. She also focuses on her beget who speaks what we know as broken English because of her mother being a Chinese immigrant.All of this starts with Tan realizing the different types of English she utter and especially in front of her mother, in a way she has never heard her talk before. This brings in question who influenced her language and her mothers effect. Because of Tans mothers dialect she was often treated differently in a number of mickle where as a normal English speaking person wouldnt have been. Amy feared that because her mothers language was limited that people would think what she had to say was limited and that were the perception people got from her.This also caused the question of Amys mothers language possibly having an effect on limiting her abilities as well. When loo king at these stories side by side, the two have many similarities. To start off, they both(prenominal) involve their native language and the barriers that they put up. Both Tan and Barrientos stories involve a foreign language with effects their English language here in the US. This is seen in Tanyas un-assured self as a Latino and Amys mothers broken English. In both a barrier seems to arise when it comes to language.When it came to Tanya Barrientos, people suspected she wasnt really Spanish due to her trouble with the language. In Amy Tans story, her mother came to a barrier when people didnt take her seriously because of her communicate English. Also, in each story the characters are faced with a sense of inequality. In Se Habla Espanol, Barrientos admits that she enjoyed that people t doddering her she didnt look Mexican and even denied knowing how to speak Spanish at times which do her feel superior, showing the race boundaries.Also, there is a section in which they arrive to school late and are hackled for doing so. You can understand it is due to their race because they were generalized as you people. Its also seen a great amount in Mother dialect such as how Amys mother was treated because of her broken English causing Amy to many times have to speak for her mother. People assumed her mother was inadequate just because her language was limited. In both stories, each person feels a type of judgment from others.For Tanya, is was when the Spanish would notice her stumbling over her words in a difficult situation and for Amy is was how people assumed her mother was inadequate due to her broken English. One final comparison would be both of them challenging themselves to achieve an attainable goal in school that involved their language. Tanya Barrientos did rigorous course teaching work, taking numerous Spanish classes and even studying in abroad in Mexico to further wait on her develop her Spanish speaking tongue.In Mother Tongue, we learn that alth ough her natural skill lied in maths and science, she challenged herself and declared herself an English major in college. Although there are a great amount of similarities mingled with the two stories, they also differ in many ways. When it comes to immigration, Tanya Barrientos moved here when she was three years old with her parents hope of her and her siblings to speak nothing unless English, but Amy Tan was born here, although her parents are Chinese immigrants. This caused a difference in which way they faced their language barriers.Tanya, although wanting to deny it in her earlier years, was seek so hard to reconnect with her cultural origin and learn their language to authenticate her Spanish heritage. Also so that she could communicate in the language both of her parents spoke to one another. Amy Tan was born here but that didnt cause her mother to speak perfect English. Her mothers English was broken so she grew up speaking English but listening to her mothers incorrec t grammar, which influenced her grammatical growth.She wished her mother hadnt had this impediment, which caused her to be viewed differently but wanted to use her mothers tongue as a guide for who would read the books she was writing. Another difference between the two would just be the point of view each story was written from. In Tanya Barrientos story, the main(prenominal) character was herself so it was a direct interpretation of her own experiences. In Amy Tans story, her mother was used as a main subject so it was written from how she herself viewed her mother and the events that occurred involving her.Another difference would be the associations made difficult due to the language barrier. For Tanya Barrientos, she struggled to communicate with natives or people fluent in speaking Spanish. Although she was born there and grew up with it through her family, she struggled to communicate effectively. In Amy Tans story, her mother had difficulty speaking with people whose first language was English and were effective in communicating so. Another difference would be how in Amy Tans Mother Tongue we learn that in many cases, her mother was given horrible service, acted as if they idnt hear her or simply ignored due to her broken English. In Tanya Barrientos there were examples of her blatantly not using her Spanish speaking tongue to feel better about herself and to be viewed as white. All in all, both stories vary in many ways but are also similar. Their languages, their barriers and the situations that occur do present themselves in different ways for many but the underlying cause is there in universal orient. Although languages are vastly different, they all cause similar altercations.

Destin Brass Products Co.

Problem Statement Destin Brass chairman Roland Guidry is concerned with the matched trends of the go with products. He and his staff atomic number 18 worried that company profits be f each(prenominal)(prenominal)ing in regards to these competitive problems. Analysis Destin Brass Company manu detailures trine items relations with water purging governances valves, substances, and current ascendences. The company has been seeing some problems transaction with competition within some of the product markets they produce. Ronald Guidry had ii basic questions they indirect requested receptioned traffic with this case 1.Why was it so difficult for the company to stay competitive in the marrow market? 2. Why has the company not seen any competition in the geological period accommodateler market even with a recent raise in their bell to consumers? These questions aroused from Guidry when he realized that the company wasnt devising the criterion 35% gross profit boundary line in cores. This was the case because the company was forced to reduce the selling worth in pumps a stylus from the target determine ($97. 10 to $81. 26) collectible to stiff competition. Management also realized the excessive gross profit margin of 42% in attend controllers even after a recent 12. % increase in price. pic The answer to the questions raised by focussing is directly related to how the company is distinguishing for their budget items relating to distributively product. The company had been exploitation a traditional way of allocating viewgraph. (Exhibit 2) This was a simple and inexpensive way for the company to hit this task. However, it really didnt accu computely assign bash to all(prenominal) product. Destin realized this and had it controller, Peggy Alford, design a rewrite way for allocating overhead. Exhibit 3) This rewrite system didnt seem to answer any questions or relieve any problems that Destin was having. Activity Based saluteing ( rudiment) was other possibility to allocate overhead and helps answer the questions above. (Exhibit 4) conventional Cost system The traditional greet system that was currently be used was a sensibly inexpensive way for the company to allocate overhead court. This system was used to generate a specimen unit price that was then used to produce a target selling price establish on the 35% profit margin set by the company.The structure used to assign overhead to each product to arrive at a standard greet was a very contrasted method for the company to use. There ar a number of reasons that this way was inappropriate. First, the only way overhead is allocated victimisation this system is by assigning overhead to production to each product on the al-Qaida of production-run moil exist. pic The tcapable above shows how the overhead rate was generated for use in the traditional cost system. development this rate it allocates $4. 39 of overhead for every $1. 00 of run weary us ed in the product which the elbow grease was applied.This per unit overhead rate is then added with a material and direct struggle per unit cost. Adding these three cost up result give you the standard unit cost for producing each product. (Exhibit 2) This system innovation all overhead on promote and in that locationfore is not a very accurate way to distribute overhead cost to each product. Take for instance the attend controllers which have a labor manipulation of . 40 mins per unit. Using the overhead rate above of 439%, overhead allocated to each function controller is $28. 10. This only catchs into account direct labor and nothing else.This creates a problem because even though full point Controllers take . 40 hours to produce they only use . 20 hours of motorcar usage. Compare this work usage to . 50 machine hours to produce each valve which uses . 25 labor hours and . 50 hours to produce each pump which uses . 50 labor hours. This shows that flow controllers a re incurring more cost then needed when dealing with machine usage. This problem of over allocating overhead to certain products is also true when dealing with machine derogation. railroad car depreciation accounts for $270,000 of the total overhead, a large percentage.With the overhead rate cosmos determined by labor using this traditional system, machine depreciation is macrocosm determined by how much labor is beingness used to produce each product. In reality machine depreciation should be allocated to overhead using how many machine hour it took to produce each product. With 4,000 flow controllers being produced at a machine usage of . 20 hours they accounts for 800 total machine hours. This number is very small in comparison to valves and pumps which take 3,750 and 6,250 total machine hours to produce, respectively.This means that flow controllers should be allocated less machine deprecation overhead due to the relative small number of total machine hours used. However, s ince the overhead rate is only calculated using labor in the traditional system Flow controllers are being over allocated. The table at a lower place shows how much machine depreciation is being allocated to overhead using the traditional method establish on labor hours. pic The table below shows what machine depreciation would be if it were calculated using the number of machine hours used produce each product line. picBased on the previous twain tables allocating machine depreciation based on direct labor hours put up give the company a false cost on how much it cost to produce each unit of a particular product. Pumps are being allocated $19,350 ($175,600-$156,250) too much machine depreciation. With the company producing 12,500 pumps thats a per unit over charge of $1. 55. eon this is only showing the differences in machine depreciation, the other overhead cost associated with Destin producing it products also vary. With these overhead cost being miss-allocated for, there is the potential for Destin to be using bad data to price its products.This could help pardon the competition problem the company is facing and will be discussed later in the paper. A plunk for way that this traditional cost system is inappropriate for Destin to use is because it only gives the company one election in dealing with a price change. Since all overhead is figured using direct labor hours if Destin wanted to change it cost associated with overhead, then the only way would be to change the direct labor dollars. This severally limits the company by having only one pool to change prices. Revised Unit Cost SystemDestin Brass Products controller Peggy Alford put together a revised cost allocating system in an attempt to better allocate overhead based on activities. This system separates material related overhead and labor related overhead and determines corresponding rates to plug into your unit costs. (Exhibit 3) The table below shows the legal separation of the two types o f overhead used in the revised method. pic The revised system is better than the standard system that Destin Brass currently uses to allocate overhead. It takes into account the problem in the standard system which based all allocation of overhead only from direct abor dollars. In correcting this problem the revised structure now takes into account material related overhead which has no relationship to the labor costs of machining. While this dilemma was reverse in the revised system other problems aroused questioning the accuracy of the system allocating overhead to the even up products. When feel at the other overhead section in the table above wadding and expatriation overhead is included. This creates a problem when the overhead rate for this group of cost is determined using machine hours.Lets use flow controllers again to better understand the problem that is created. In the revised cost system all overhead not dealing with materials is allocated to products using $42. 59 per machine hour used. With flow controllers taking . 20 hours of machine time to produce the other overhead is assigned to the standard cost at $8. 52 per unit. With valves and pumps both using machine time of . 50 hours to produce each unit, this systems creates an advantage for the flow controllers. Although flow controllers use less machine time they require more fare and packing cost.Flow controllers require a total of 22 shipments to its customers compared to only seven for pumps and one for valves. With this being true the majority of the $60,000 assigned to packing and shipping overhead should be allocated as cost to flow controllers. Despite this fact the allocation cant be done because of how overhead is assigned based machine hours used. The following table shows the current overhead assigned to packing and shipping based on the revised system of using machine hours as the basis for overhead allocation. picThe next table shows what packing and shipping overhead would be based on a percentage of total shipments company wide. pic The second base way shown is the better way to allocate overhead based on packing and shipping costs because it takes into account how many shipments and necessary of each product line. Looking at flow controllers again you can see that this product line requires 22 of the 30 shipments. This is a cost of $44,000 that is directly related to the flow controllers. With the current revised system represented in the first table, flow controllers only were allocated $4,430. 0 of cost associated with packing and shipping. This is only 10. 1% of the cost that should be allocated. With this Revised System for costs Destin Brass would nonoperational be using bad data to set prices of it products. This could be one possible answer to the questions asked in the beginning by the company. Another problem that arises if this revised system is put into place is one that is alike(p) to the previous problem. Destin Brass manufacturing man ger John Scott is quoted in the case as saying (the company) probably spends one-half of our plan effort on flow controllers.If this is the case, then like before flow controllers arent being allocated enough overhead with regards to engineering cost. This is shown in the following two tables. The table on the left shows the essence of engineering overhead being currently allocated to flow controllers. The table on the right shows what the allocation of engineering cost should be to flow controllers based on the estimated number of 50% of total engineering. pic pic This again is another possible reason for the competition and price problems that Destin Brass is facing.Both of the above methods really restrict the company from implanting changes in price and/or cost. The methods have few pools for management to implement changes using and result gives scurvy data. A System with the possibilities to implement changes easily is activity based costing. Activity Based Costing A system that would benefit Destin Brass greatly would be to implement activity based coasting as a means to allocate the overhead costs associated with its products. This method traces the costs of resources to the activities consumed.The problem identified in the two previous systems would all be eliminated if alphabet where used at Destin. The rudiment method is used by applying all direct cost (direct labor and materials) towards the product coast based on the coast summary. (Exhibit 1) indirect cost (Indirect labor and materials and depreciation) are then applied to each product at a rate that set by the amount of the activity used to produce the good. The amounts used in this case are estimated based on how many transactions occur in total and are caused by each product. Exhibit 5) This way of allocating overhead better illustrates how much cost goes into each product based on the amount of components and runs is needed to complete each product. With this being true flow controller s now have model to the cost being occurred and the overhead allocated to them. Flow controllers numbers are now more accurate because of the fact the all transactions needed to complete the product are used in generating an allocation rate. all(prenominal) flow controller is made up of 10 components and that are being produced in 10 runs.This will account for the company to have 100 transactions (1010) in order to produce the good. The numbers that Destin came up with using this method are shown in Exhibit 4. With each overhead cost being rated by itself for each product, the company has better data to make sound decisions with. They also have better control on implementing changes. As with the previous methods management could only change labor or machine hours to efficaciously change coast. With the ABC method each cost is rated separately and therefore a change to a cost would be easily done.When comparing the product unit coast obtained from the three methods discussed in t his paper, the companies problems dealing with competition and price are easily reasoned with. The following table shows these unit costs for each product line using each of the three methods This comparison table shows that Destin Brass was allocating its overhead in a way that gave decision makers faulty data. By looking at the numbers obtained using the ABC method and comparing them to the two other methods answers to the two questions raised by the chairwoman can be answered.The first question of wherefore was it so difficult for the company to stay competitive in the pump market is explained by the above chart. Destin had believed its production cost for pumps to be $63. 12. With this being said when Destin had to lower their price due to stiff competition the company felt they were no abundanter going to be able to obtain the desired 35% profit margin. However if Destin new the true cost of producing each pump unit was $37. 70 then lowing the price to stay competitive would have been no longer and identification number because the company would still be over the 35% mark.The second question raised by management at Destin Brass dealing with why the company has not seen any competition in the flow controller market is also easily answered using the above table. Destin believed that its standard unit cost for producing flow controllers was $56. 50. Using this cost number the company set a target selling price of $86. 96 to obtain the desired 35% profit margin for the company. When potential competitors looked at this price they felt there was no way they could make a profit in this product line.The potential competitors most in all likelihood had a cost of producing a flow controller some where around the price we obtained using the ABC method of $100. 91. Even when Destin raised the price of flow controllers by 12. 5% to $97. 07 competitors would still not want to enter the market based on our selling price. These questions are also easily answered by looking at the following table which take the unit cost obtained using the ABC method and comparing them with last months selling prices This table shows that the flow controllers were priced to low based our current cost.The company would have incurred a personnel casualty of 4% gross margin if this were the unit cost we used last month. Again this shows why now competition was forming because any other company using the ABS method would incur a loss as well. If Destin where however to make a 35% margin at its new unit cost of $100. 91 it would need to sell the flow controllers at $155. 25. This increase in price top executive dismiss some competition. Potential competitors might see this new price Destin is selling at and feel it is a favorable market to get into now competition can sell above their production cost.Pumps are also easily analyzed using this table. Now that the company has an ABC unit cost of $48. 79 they can better compete in the price wars the take place in the pump market. At the price Destin was selling pumps at last month of $81. 26 the company would now be making a 40% gross margin using the ABC cost. This leaves Destin the option of lowering the price in pumps $75. 06 in order to stay competitive and maintain market share. At this price Destin would still be making the company desired 35% profit margin.Net income would not change in the silklike month if the ABC method were to be implemented. This is assuming there are no changes in production, sales, or costs. This is strictly saying that the way you account for overhead as no impact on displace income. The ABC method total overhead costs, it only changes how those costs are allocated for internal purposes. With this information shown the ABC method for allocating overhead to products is far superior to anything Destin Brass had used before. The ABC method takes into account all overhead cost and the components involved in each product.In summary a companys profitability of a prod uct depends on the allocation rules used internally. Recommendations I would recommend to Destin Brass president Roland Guidry to implement the ABC method for allocating overhead. This method alleviates the two problems he had at the beginning of the case dealing with the question of competition and price. The ABC method will also let Mr. Guidry better control his cost and prices by providing him with a way thats easier and more effective. I would recommend to Mr. Guidry that he lower the price of the pumps in order to remain competitive in that market.He should lower pump prices as long as he cincture at or above the 35% gross margin he wants. I would also recommend that he slowly raise the prices of flow controllers. With the unit cost a lot higher than where it was this price needs to raise and try to obtain the 35% margin. Mr. Guidry should keep a close eye on the competition in this market. As the price is increase potential competitors might enter the market. He should raise the price for flow controllers as long as competition stays to a minimal to retain the market share Destin has already obtained. pic pic pic pic pic

Fire Station Case Study Research Essay

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThis re depend bailiwick would not be possible without the abet oneself of these flock in making this interrogation a success. The researchers family and p bents who supported them emotionally and financially throughout since twenty-four hours iodine until the research is completed. For showing their unfailing support, for understanding the researchers and for believing in their skills and capabilities.The researchers would overly alike(p) to thank the alum library and electronic library of faraway Eastern University for accepting them to use their materials and resources such as books, thesis confuses and com compose upers that authenti listy helped the researchers for their study study.The researchers would also like to thank their professor Architect Toni Nardo who helped them throughout this holyly study, for cosmos a considerate and benign hearted professor who is perpetually on that point for her students, to support and check on their impro vements and for al delegacys sharing her opinion and manners experiences about this certain topic which betrays the researchers eager to fulfil this research.The researchers would also like to thank their friends who were also at that place to support, give advices and information that truly helped the group. They never fail to cheer them up and show their out near support especially in bad measures.Last exclusively not the least, to our overlord Father God, who created and brought life in this world, who created all things beautiful, who entrust forever be the reason of our existence, a accessary friend, a loving father, a God who guide, love and support us no matter what were going through, for giving us strength and blessing of intelligence for us to use in this research, for parcel the researchers make this research a success.The researcherswould like to dedicatethis study to theirfamily, near especiallyto their p bents who commit disposed them full support in this case study research. May the almighty God bless them for their soma heart and loving gesture that is very much appreciated by the researchers.ABSTRACTWe all jockey that a social movement berth is a anatomical structure with argonas organize aside for storage of give the axe contend implement such as onset locomotive engines and associate vehicles, personal protective equipment, produce hoses and other(a) alter equipment. It may also soak up dormitory sustentation facilities and work atomic tot up 18as for the use of bite fighters. Living atomic number 18as be some eons arranged above the garage bays where staff office without specific commit duties during the night shift are allowed to sleep unless a dispatch is called. In that situation, stop fighters may save special means to allow entry to the ground floor right away when a call for help is received, such as skid down a brass pole called a must(prenominal)er outmans pole.This arrangement also allow s for a raised area to hang hoses to dry to pr up to nowt damage. In a single story berth, a tower-like structure is somemagazines used for hose hanging. An industrious point impart usually energise a send warning device system for receiving and annunciating an alarm, and indications of where and what caused the alarm. However, some epochs the whole alarm is a yell that is rung in case of emergency. In a to a greater extent(prenominal) incorporated operation, full- clock or on-call volunteer or career blaze fighters staff the post some or all of the judgment of conviction. there may be major power piazza for the fleckrs, a library of prolongation and other materials, and a trophy wall or case where the twitch out fighters display memorabilia.Activities in a perk up station include regular inspection and change of the apparatus and equipment, and continuing education in the implode service. Weekly or bi- weekly routine typically inclu stilboestrol various(a) drills in which dismission fighters pr puzzle outice their skills. Some advance companies also host public activities at the shoot station during annual liberation saveion week In our case, we willing be functioning a primary cup of tea family unit fervidness station which means, this give the axe station will contain all of the essential equipment and apparatus.Also, it will contain all of the necessary and additional put areas suchas recreational area, disparate offices, living, dining and kitchen areas, library, cookery area, etc. We are think to fancy a sacking station that has untested-fashioned aesthetics that will give a prescribed im press oution to us as the designers. Good race of our space program is also what were striving, for which this is a rouse station, and it hires great planning of spaces largely in case of emergencies and easy access of the tone-beginning trucks to the outside.We are really striving to design an bod that would automa tically determine that our structure is considered as foremost relegate. We will implement in our design the habit of glass which implies modern era and it will help the staff inside the expression to be sure on their surroundings outside.PART IOCULAR INSPECTIONSummary of Findings by and by searching for correct onrush send around tubing Manila, we decided to go to these cardinal bite station Makati, Intramuros and San Lazaro urban center.We took pictures of ourselves at the faade of individually gust station as soon as we arrived there. First, went to Makati City give the bounce station. As soon as we arrived, the area was filled with citizens of Makati because the area was used as substitute place where the putting surfacewealth will register for voting, so it wasnt the perfect timing scarcely we still continued to go on with our ocular inspection despite the crowd. Makati Central plan of attack commit was huge. The area is apt(p) bragging(a) measure of spac es for the apparatus bay.We also noticed that the alignment of the apparatus bay was diagonal for more than public toilet and easy way out. Before we entered the burn up station for inquiries and interviews, we went to measure the height, length and width of the different evoke trucks such as the ladder approach trucks and the usual stir trucks to have an idea on what is their archetype measurements. We also measured the emergency ambulance vehicles and the whole space area allotted for their apparatus bay. We observed and analysed the whole thaw station including on how the spaces of different areas are divided and used. afterward that, we already went inside to have an interview with whoever officer isavailable and appropriate for our questioning. Luckily, the city wake rally was available. The city flaming marshal of Makati is Supt. Ricardo C. Perdigon, he is very kind and welcoming. First, he answered each of our questions very precisely with an open mind and a lot of examples to openhandeden our perspectives and ideas in that field. He showed examples and different brochures from different countries about the modern ignore stations that are designed and used these days.He explained and discussed different techniques and required spaces to use in a eject station. He showed different p longingos of set down stations that is very interesting and it really helped us to design more functional and competitive burn station, since were going to design a commencement class leaven station. After that, he showed to us where the different waken stations are divided throughout the entire city. He showed us a huge map and explained it very well. He taught us where each fire stations should be in a city.After that we had a film showing about real fire chip and on how the different fire fighting equipment are used in literal emergency fire cases. It also showed there the different modern equipment and tools used by the fire fighters. After the int erview, we requested to have a picture taking with the fire marshal and he openly accepted. exclusively the learning doesnt stop there. We asked the fire marshal if we can see the developed area where the fire fighters stay and do in cases of fire emergencies. He assigned one of his officers to escort us in the field.He showed us the rooms where the fire fighters spend their time, sleep, etc. He also showed us the poles where the fire fighters easily go through. After going to Makati City Central heighten Station, we proceeded to Intramuros invoke Station. The fire station at Intamuros is a short smaller compared to Makati. When we arrived at Intramuros, we couldnt resist the beauty of the place and its diachronic ambiance so we took a little time to cherish and lodge in pictures. When we arrived at the fire station of Intramuros, we took pictures of the space area and apparatus bay.It seems to have three slots for the possiblenesss of the fire trucks and vehicles. It also se ems that the area was a little crowded in the leave way of the trucks, so we had an idea about conception victorian reach ways to use without cosmos crowded. When we entered the fire station, an officer is at the reception area and we asked permission to take pictures and to analyse the area. No fire marshal was available at that time we arrived, so we asked for aninterview with the higher(prenominal) part that was available and the ranking(prenominal) dissolve military officer IV was the one who assisted us and effect our interview.He is SFO-IV Oscar Bugarin. As what we have through with(p) at Makati, we also scratch line did measuring of the entrance/exit way of apparatus bay, fire trucks and poles. After that, we started with the interview with Senior come off Officer IV Oscar Bugarin. We asked the common questions just like what we asked with the other fire stations, and almost the same answer was given to us. But in this fire station, we were given different exampl es and experiences that the Makati City Central Fire Station wasnt able to taught us. The Senior Fire Officer IV personally demonstrated to us how the fire fighting outfit is on the watch and easily worn by the fire fighters in case of emergencies.He explained and shown us how to tuck in together all of the outfit, the suit with the boots. He took the actual outfits and demonstrated to us one by one. It was really fun and amazing that it was so easy to wear. But the fun didnt ended there, we were offered to wear the actual gears ourselves Who wouldnt wear that awesome outfit?So there we are, wearing the outfits very happy and sophisticated. After all of the interviews and demonstrations, we had our little goodbyes and thank you and went out to proceed and go on to the next fire station, but we still cant resist the beauty of Intramuros so we took a little more time to take pictures on our way to the next fire station which is located at San Lazaro City. It didnt took time to go to San Lazaro City which we were save at Intramuros which is not that far.We arrived at San Lazaro City for about 3040 minutes. As we arrived t San Lazaro City Fire Station, we took pictures of the fassad, as usual. San Lazaro Fire Staton seems to be the same amount of space area with Intramuros, so Makati City Central Fire Station seems to have the biggest or widest space area among the three fire stations we went to. As usual, we did some measuring with the space area of the fire station, the apparatus bay entrance/exit which seems to have but 2 slots in San Lazaro City Fire Station. We also did measured the fire trucks and other vehicles. But what really amazed us in San Lazaro City Fire Station is the historical fire trucks that were displayed in there. It was so amazing and mesmerizing to think that the fire trucks before were very open with old vehicle parts, so we didnt miss a observe to take pictures with them.After that, we proceed to have an interview with the highest offi cer available at the time, and it was Senior Fire Officer IV Manolito Laroza. This interview took the most time compared with the other cardinal interviews we did because a lot of facts and requirements was given to us by SFO IV Manolita Laroza. He gave us the spaces we can add in a depression class fire station such as bigger training grounds, helicopters, recreational areas, and so on.A lot of facts were given to us, also the standard forcefulness required in a fire station, office areas such as the duputys, sub station commander, radio division operator, etc. they also showed us the fire preventive man size tarpaulin that they will implement around their city. Senior Fire Officer IV Manolito Laroza was very kind and open to us. After this interview, we had our goodbyes and thank you with him and his officers and went out to go home because it was already a little late and dark outside. PART IIRESEARCH STUDYChapter 1 enteringA. Background of the ProblemHistoricalFire fighting was implement long time ago during our roman letters and greek era. The history of fire fighting began in ancient Rome while under the character of Agustus. Prior to that, there is evidence of fire-fighting machinery in used in Ancient Egypt, including a irrigate gist invented by Ctesibius of Alexandria in the trio century BC which was later improved upon in a design by Hero Of Alexandria in the get-go base century BC. The first Roman fire brigade of which we have any substantial history was created by Marcus Licinius Crassus. Marcus Licinius Crassus was born into a wealthy Roman family around the family 115 BC, and acquired an enormous fortune through (in the words of Plutarch) fire and rapine. One of his most lucrative schemes took favor of the fact that Rome had no fire subdivision. Crassus filled this void by creating his own brigade cholecalciferol men strongwhich rushed to burning buildings at the first cry of alarm. Upon arriving at the scene, however, the fire f ighters did no remains while their employer bargained over the price of their services with the distressedproperty owner. If Crassus could not negotiate a competent price, his men simply let the structure burn to the ground, after which he offered to purchase it for a section of its value. Augustus took the basic idea from Crassus and then built on it to form the Vigiles in AD 6 to besiege fires using bucket brigades and essences, as well as poles, hooks and even ballistae to tear down buildings in advance of the flames. The Vigiles patrolled the streets of Rome to watch for fires and served as a natural law force. The later brigades consisted of hundreds of men, all ready for action. When there was a fire, the men would line up to the nigh(a)est water source and pass buckets glove in hand to the fire. Rome suffered a reduce of serious fires, most notably the fire on 19 July AD 64 and eventually destroy two thirds of Rome. In Europe, fire fighting was quite central until the seventeenth century. In 1254, a royal decree of King Saint Louis of France created the so-called guet bourgeois ( burgess watch), allowing the residents of capital of France to establish their own night watches, separate from the kings night watches, to prevent and stop crimes and fires. After the Hundred Years War, the population of Paris expanded again, and the city, much larger than any other city in Europe at the time, was the scene of several great fires in the sixteenth century. As a consequence, King Charles IX disbanded the residents night watches and left the kings watches as the only one responsible for checking crimes and fires. London suffered great fires in 798, 982, 989, 1212 and above all in 1666 ( bulky Fire of London). The gravid Fire of 1666 started in a bakers shop on Pudding Lane, consumed about two square miles (5 km) of the city, leaving tens of thousands homeless. Prior to this fire, London had no organized fire shield system. Afterwards, insurance pol icy companies formed private fire brigades to protect their clients property. Insurance brigades would only fight fires at buildings the company insured. These buildings were place by fire insurance marks. The key breakthrough in fire fighting arrived in the 17th century with the first fire engines. Manual pumps, rediscovered in Europe after 1500 (allegedly used in Augsburg in 1518 and in Nuremberg in 1657), were only force pumps and had a very short range due to the inadequacy of hoses. German inventor Hans Hautsch improved the manual pump by creating the first suction and force pump and adding some flexible hoses to the pump. In 1672, Dutch artist, and inventor Jan Van der Heydens workshop developedthe fire hose. Constructed of flexible leather and coupled every 50 feet (15 m) with brass fittings. The length remains the standard to this day in mainland Europe whilst in the UK the standard length is either 23m or 25m. The fire engine was pull ahead developed by the Dutch invento r, merchant and manufacturer, John Lofting (16591742) who had worked with Jan Van der Heyden in Amsterdam. Lofting moved to London in or about 1688, became an face citizen and patented (patent number 263/1690) the Sucking Worm engine in 1690. There was a glowing description of the fire fighting ability of his device in The London gazette of 17 March 1691, after the issue of the patent. The British Museum has a brand showing Loftings fire engine at work in London, the engine beingness pumped by a team up of men. In the print three fire plaques of early insurance companies are shown, no doubt indicating that Lofting collaborated with them in fire fighting. A later version of what is believed to be one of his fire engines has been lovingly restored by a retired fire fighter, and is on show in Marlow Buckinghamshire where John Lofting moved in 1700. Patents only lasted for fourteen historic period and so the field was open for his competitors after 1704. In 1631 Bostons governor J ohn Winthrop outlaw wooden chimneys and thatched roofs. In 1648, the New Amsterdam governor Peter Stuyvesant found four men to act as fire wardens. They were empowered to inspect all chimneys and to fine any violators of the rules. The city burghers later appointed eight prominent citizens to the Rattle Watch these men volunteered to patrol the streets at night carrying large wooden rattles If a fire was seen, the men spun the rattles, then directed the responding citizens to form bucket brigades. On January 27, 1678 the first fire engine company went into service with its captain (foreman) Thomas Atkins. In 1736 Benjamin Franklin established the Union Fire Company in Philadelphia. George Washington was a volunteer fire fighter in Alexandria, Virginia. In 1774, as a member of the Friendship Veterans Fire Engine Company, he bought a new fire engine and gave it to the town, which was its very first. However the coupled States did not have government-run fire departments until aroun d the time of the American courtly War. Prior to this time, private fire brigades compete with one another to be the first to respond to a fire because insurance companies paying(a) brigades to save buildings. Underwriters also employed their own Salvage Corpsin some cities. The first cognise female fire fighter Molly Williams took her placewith the men on the dragropes during the blizzard of 1818 and pulled the pumper to the fire through the deep snow. On April 1st of 1853 Cincinnati OH became the first professional fire department by being made up of 100% full-time, stipendiary employees.In 2010, 70 percent of fire fighters in the linked States were volunteer. Only 5% of calls were actual fires. 65% were medical aid. 8% were false alarms. The first fire brigades in the modern sense were created in France in the early 18th century. In 1699, a man with cobwebby commercial ideas, Franois du Mouriez du Prier (grandfather of French Revolutions general Charles Franois Dumouriez), solicited an audience with King Louis XIV. Greatly arouse in Jan Van der Heydens invention, he successfully demonstrated the new pumps and managed to convince the king to divide him the monopoly of making and selling fire-preventing portable pumps throughout the kingdom of France. Franois du Mouriez du Prier offered 12 pumps to the City of Paris, and the first Paris Fire Brigade, known as the Compagnie des gardes-pompes (literally the Company of Pump Guards), was created in 1716. Franois du Mouriez du Prier was appointed directeur des pompes de la Ville de Paris (director of the City of Pariss pumps), i.e. chief of the Paris Fire Brigade, and the position stayed in his family until 1760. In the future(a) years, other fire brigades were created in the large French cities. It is around that time that appeared the current French word pompier (fire fighter), whose literal meaning is pumper. On March 11, 1733 the French government decided that the interventions of the fire brigades wo uld be free of charge. This was decided because people always waited until the last second to call the fire brigades to avoid paying the fee, and it was often too late to stop fires. From 1750 on, the French fire brigades became para-military units and received uniforms. In 1756 the use of a protective helmet for fire fighters was recommended by King Louis XV, but it took some(prenominal) more years before the measure was actually enforced on the ground. In North America, Jamestown, Virginia was some destroyed in a fire in January, 1608. There were no full-time paid fire fighters in America until 1850. Even after the formation of paid fire companies in the United States, there were disagreements and often fights over territory. New York City companies were famous for sending runners out to fires with a large membranophone to cover the hydrant closest to the fire in advance of the engines. Often fights would break out amongst the runners and even the responding fire companies for the right to fight the fire and receive the insurance money that would be paid to the company that fought it. Interestingly, during the 19th century and early 20th century volunteer fire companies served not only as fire protection but as political machines. The most famous volunteer fire fighter politician is Boss Tweed, head of the notorious Tammany Hall political machine, who got his start in governance as a member of the Americus Engine Company Number 6 (The Big Six) in New York City. Napoleon Bonaparte, drawing from the century-old experience of the gardes-pompes, is generally attributed as creating the first professional fire fighters, known as Sapeurs-Pompiers (Sappers-Fire fighters), from the French Army. Created under the Commandant of Engineers in 1810, the company was organized after a fire at the ballroom in the Austrian Embassy in Paris which injured several dignitaries. In the UK, the Great Fire of London in 1666 set in motion changes which laid the foundations for o rganised fire fighting in the future. In the wake of the Great Fire, the City Council established the first fire insurance company, The Fire Office, in 1667, which employed small teams of Thames watermen as fire fighters and domiciliated them with uniforms and arm badges showing the company to which they belonged. However, the first organised municipal fire brigade in the world was established in Edinburgh, Scotland, when the Edinburgh Fire Engine Establishment was formed in 1824, led by James Braidwood. London followed in 1832 with the London Fire Engine Establishment. On April 1, 1853, the Cincinnati Fire Department became the first full-time paid professional fire department in the United States, and the first in the world to use steam fire engines. The first horse-drawn steam engine for fighting fires was invented in 1829, but not accepted in structural fire fighting until 1860, and ignored for another two years afterwards. Internal combustion engine fire engines arrived in 190 7, built in the United States, leading to the decline and disappearance of steam engines by 1925.Today, fire and turn in remains a mix of full-time paid, paid-on-call, and volunteer responders. Many but not all urban areas areserved by large, paid, fire fighting teams.EtymologicalFireFrom centre side of meat fier, from Old English fr (fire), from *fur, a regularised form of Proto-Germanic *fr (fire) (compare Saterland Frisian Fjuur, western Frisian fjoer, Dutch vuur, Low German Fr, German Feuer, Danish fyr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *phur (compare Hittite (paur), Umbrian pir, Tocharian A/B por/puwar, Czech p (hot ashes), Ancient Greek (pr, fire), Armenian (hur, fire)) and perhaps Albanian prush (embers). This was an inanimate noun whose animate counterpart was Proto-Indo-European *hngnis, *hngni-.Old English fyr, from Proto-Germanic *fuir (cf. Old Saxon and Old Frisian fiur, Old Norse frr, Middle Dutch and Dutch vuur, Old High German fiur, German Feuer), from PIE*pe rjos, from root *paewr- (cf. Armenian hur fire, torch, Czech pyr hot ashes, Greek pyr, Umbrian pir, Sanskrit pu, Hittite pahhur fire). Current spelling is attested as early as 1200, but did not fully displace Middle English fier (preserved in fiery) until c.1600. PIE apparently had two roots for fire *paewr- and *egni- (cf. Latin ignis). The former was inanimate, referring to fire as a substance, and the latter was animate, referring to it as a living force (see water). Fire applied in English to passions, feelings, from mid-14c. Meaning action of guns, etc. is from 1580s. Firecracker is American English coinage for what is in England just cracker, but the U.S. word distinguishes it from the word meaning biscuit. Fire-engine attested from 1680s. The figurative scene play with fire risk disaster is from 1887 phrasewheres the fire? whats the hurry? first put down 1924.Stationlate 13c., place which one normally occupies, from Old French station, from Latin stationem (nominative stati o) a standing, post,job, position, colligate to stare to stand, from PIE root *sta- to stand (see stet). The meaning place for a special purpose (e.g. polling station) is first put down 1823 radio station is from 1912. The meaning regular stopping place is first put down 1797, in reference to coach routes applied to railroads 1830. Meaning each of a number of holy places visited in succession by pilgrims is from late 14c., hence Station of the Cross(1550s). Station wagon in the automobile sense is first recorded 1929, from earlier use for a horse-drawn conveyance that took passengers to and from railroad stations (1894). Station house police station is attested from 1836.B. Statement of the StudyThe future(a) study aims to answer these questions1. What design, materials and ideas contains in a first class fire station? 2. Why does first class fire stations are implemented and preferred directly? 3. What to expect in a first class fire station?C. entailment of the StudyThe foll owing would benefit from this studyThis study aims to know what design, materials and ideas contains in a first class fire station, why does first class fire stations are implemented and preferred nowadays and what to expect in a first class fire station. This study would be really reformative in terms of guidelines in building and designing first class fire stations. To those who are planning to construct or to design a first class fire stations to know what to implement and to use, to have a smart space planning or programme and to have a satisfying way of life for their fire fighters and company.To the government, for which this study will serve as a great guidelines in designing and constructing a first class fire station for their country or city, having many facts and ideas in this study.D. translation of TermsThe following terms have been defined operationally for the understanding ofthis research.1. First Class Constituting or belonging to the highest or best class or q uality, best-equipped and most expensive. 2. Fire Station a building where fire-fighting vehicles and equipment are stationed and where fire fighters on duty wait Also called as firehouse station house. 3. Municipality a city, town, or district enjoying some degree of local self-government. 4. Fire Fighters a member of a fire department who tries to extinguish fires. 5. Fire Trucks any of various large trucks that carry firemen and equipment to the site of a fire. 6. machine Bay is primarily the parking space of the fire trucks and vehicles in a fire station. 7. Sliding Poles also known as firemans pole is a wooden pole or a metal tube or pipe installed between floors in fire stations, allowing fire fighters responding to an alarm to quickly descend to the ground floor faster than by using a standard staircase. E. Conceptual textile of the ProblemThe conceptual diagram shows and explain the following factors affecting the implementation of first class fire stations and its r esults brought out by the following factors. When first class fire stations are implemented and constructed, break services will be offered by the fire fighters because of their fracture equipment and things to use in a fire emergencies. Also, a better way of life for them because their fire station is transformed into a livable space to stay in for a long period of time, having that comfort of home and more spaces for training grounds, recreational areas for entertainment, better dormitories, etc. With all of these factors, the impact will be positively great for our society, having more inspired and dedicated fire fighters and their team to give better services and thus will make our society a safer and a better place. This design guide provides the basic criteria to evaluate, plan, program. and design standardized gentle device Force fire station facilities for the United States Air Force. This information is intended to make wing commanders, base civil engineers, fire chief s, and designers aware of the unique functional design requirements for the facilities, and to provide a basis for growth main and satellite fire station projects.The upgrade and renovation of existing fire stations and the proper planning., programming, and design of new facilities will ensure the safety of all personnel and support our vision To celebrate the United States Through Control and Exploitation of Air and Space. The number and office of fire stations must be reevaluated periodically, but at least annually, as a fellowships structures and population change. The number of stations a department should have depends, like everything else, on a balance between the cost of the stations and their maintenance, on the one hand, and the lack for more stations, on the other. If a station is located near the high- response section of a lodge (such as a heavily populated area of multiple-occupancy or wood-frame structures) that mess will probably be appropriate. Station reloca tion is necessary over time if the types of hazards and the locations of most fires move to a significant distance from the station. This is an important consideration for selecting a new site for a fire station. If a department finds that relocation or construction of a new fire station is necessary, the three issues to consider are location, station design, and funding. Location The location of a station in a community directly affects the total response time needed to combat fires effectively. For example, although a fire station is centrally located in a community, the majority of the responses might be at substantial distances from the station. Therefore, an evaluation of the time from receipt of an alarm to the arrival at a fire plays an important part in find the need for relocating a fire station. The total time is the sum of the time it takes to complete each of the following five fire-fighting processes 1. Detection The time it takes to detect a fire. Automatic fire sign al detection systems, such as smoke and heat detectors, give early warnings of fire and save considerable response time. Some detectors are connected directly to a fire station through a central station signal system, whereas others sound only in the building in which there is a danger. In the latter case, detection time depends on human response and then on the number of people who are in the vicinity of the fire, how rapidly they respond, and the time of day. 2. Alarm The time that elapses between detection of the fire and transmission of the alarm to the fire station. It depends on the availability of alarm boxes, directly connected alarms, telephones, theextent of automation, reliability, and the speed of transmission. 3. Dispatch The time required to alert responding companies. If information is recorded automatically and if dispatchers have the most modern communication equipment, the time needed for dispatch is minimal. 4. Turnout The speed with which personnelpaid, off-duty , and volunteerscan report for duty. Turnout depends on the location of the personnel at the time of the alarm, whether at the station, at work, or in their homes. 5. Response time The blend in time for the apparatus and on-duty personnel from the station to the fire. It depends on the distance from the station to the emergency and on the topographic, traffic, and prevail conditions. When traffic is particularly heavy, the police department might be needed to aid in locomotion to the fire and in beginning reasoning by elimination. Each of these issues must be consciously considered as you work towards a decision on how and where to build a new fire station. I will have more on this critical topic in an upcoming post. F. Theoretical Framework of the ProblemWhen a fire occurs, the fire fighting services implemented by a fire department is one of the most important aids for the fire victims. So that is why we need the outmost services offered by the fire fighters, marshals and offic ers. This means that we cannot change the fact that when it comes to fire emergencies, the fire fighters and officers are the ones who will help us the most, so we need their services.The services that they offer us can be a lot better with this implementation of first class fire station for the reasons, they having more modern and better equipment to use in fire emergencies, more advanced vehicles and gadgets. They also have better experience and alertness when it comes to this kind of slew because of the better training grounds in their very own first class fire stations.not only the services of our fire fighters and fire marshals are upgraded, also their way of living. The environment of a first class fire station captures the aura of their own homes, having the comfort and safety because of well mean space programming, modern materials used in the construction and breath taking designs.The economy, competition and a ever-changing business environment require companies to diver sify, change their business plans and adapt. Television networks change their programming to compete with each other, cable channels and the internet for decreasing market share. The fire service has evolved far past having fire buckets outside each home to concepts never before envisioned. Boston Fire Chief John Damrell helped force back this evolution in 1866 when he warned about the dangers of fire, the lack of compatible fire hydrants, water supply issues and the need for building and fire codes. Phoenix Fire Chief Alan Brunacini did it with fire command and customer service. Fire departments have done it with regulations requiring smoke detectors, carbon-monoxide detectors and commercial and residential sprinklers. Many concepts have come from need as the tralatitious fire suppression department has evolved into the more-accurate emergency services. Other concepts have been forced upon us lightweight construction, weapons of flock destruction and active-shooter incidents. Ne w concepts and practices in the fire service have come about from the economic need to offset budget cuts while maintaining levels of service. These include alternate revenue sources from private-public partnerships such as Adopt-A-Fire Station programs, inter eagerness transports, even ads on fire apparatus. The fire departments jurisdiction is organized by the governmental body that controls the department, although there are private fire departments as well. This comes from a municipality, county, prefecture, state, province, or nation type of government. The most common type of government control is at the municipality level. The jurisdiction size and organization would be set up by department or the government in charge of these duties. This deals with the placement of fire stations, equipment, and personnel within the area of control. Fire departments periodically survey their jurisdiction areas and use the data for redeploying proper coverage. This data comes from travel tim e, range from station, and/or a population survey. This brings equal service to the entire community and gives the department effective places to launch operations. Some fire departments such as the Statue Of indecorousness Fire Brigade which covers Liberty Island and Ellis Islands respond to medical emergencies and provide care until advanced personnel can take over. In theUnited States, firefighters may get their First Responder Certification, Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) License, or Paramedic License. Some fire departments even offer ambulance services. A fire department may also provide fire protection or fire prevention services, whereby firefighters visit homes and give fire safety advice and fit smoke alarms for members of the public. In many countries fire protection or prevention is seen as an important role for the fire service, as preventing a fire from occurring in the first place can obviously save lives.Chapter 2 discourse and AnalysisA. Local Related Study on Metro Manila Oldtimers of Makatis Fire StationDo you like oldtimers or have a kid that is crazy about fire trucks? therefore you should pay the Makati Central Fire Station a visit. The fire station possesses a collection of ripened but beautiful and seemingly well-maintained vehicles from past decades. The fire station is not secluded from the street and passer can have a close look at the ambulance and deep-red fire engines. As elsewhere in the Philippines, the municipal budget does not often seem to allow the purchase of expansive state-of-the-art pull through equipment. Concerns were already raised that the fire brigades in Metro Manila are not really disposed(p) for fighting fires in the ever-growing condominiums throughout the megacity. However, the local government of Makati recently agreed to buy more search and rescue equipment and disaster preparedness tools, among them a chemical fire truck with foam. Three people were pain when two fires broke out in Makati City Thu rsday morning, one near the Makati Medical Center, political science verbalise. The citys fire department said the first fire started at around 10 a.m. in a slum colony at the corner of Ayala and Gil Puyat avenues in Barangay Pio Del Pilar, about 30 go away from the MMCs emergency department on Amorsolo Street. Makati Mayor Jejomar Erwin Binay Jr. said the fire was put under control at 1130 a.m. after reaching the general alarm, which required the avail of all available fire fighting units in Metro Manila. Binay said the fire officials refrained from fixing the evacuation of the hospital as the blaze was quickly contained by responding firefighters. Somefirefighters, on the other hand, were seen spraying water on MMCs faade to prevent it from being set ablaze in case the wind blows the fire towards it. About 300 families who lost their homes blocked Urban Avenue and Dela Rosa Streets with whatever exiguous belongings they managed to save, causing gridlock. Each displaced family will receive P15,000 in assistance and P5,000 for renters, according to Binay. Prior to the blood of 117, emergency services were reached through a myriad of telephone numbers. The fire department in Manila, for example, had cubic decimetre telephone numbers, one for every fire station in the city.2 At the time, 117 was solely used in the Metro Manila area by the Philippine National Police for the reporting of ongoing crimes as part of a program called the Patrol 117 Street Patrol Program in cooperation with the Foundation for offensive activity Prevention.1 Efforts to expand the capabilities of 117 began in the 1990s, starting with the addition of emergency medical services to the scope of 117 in Metro Manila through a private-sector initiative called Project EARnet (Emergency Assistance and Response network). Government involvement in the expansion of 117s scope began in late 1998, when the DILG announced the formation of Emergency Network Philippines, a project that sought to support a national emergency telephone number in order to enable the faster delivery of emergency services to the Filipino people. On August 8, 2001, a enumeration of agreement was signed between the DILG and Frequentis, an Austrian company specializing in communications and information solutions in safety-critical environments, on the implementation of the ENP project.4 The National Economic and Development Authority approved the project later in the year, and project funding was secured with a loan agreement being signed between the Philippine and Austrian governments on December 6. By virtue of Executive Order No. 226, 117 became the official national emergency telephone number of the Philippines on July 14, 2003. The P1.4 billion project was completed on August 2, 2003, with the opening of a new 117 call center in Quezon City, serving the entire Metro Manila area. Four more 117 call centers were opened in 2006, and the full 117 network, consisting of sixteen networked call cen ters, was rolled out in 2007.http//manilastandardtoday.com/2013/07/12/two-fires-hit-makati/B. immaterial Related Study on New fire station in Andersonville, community effortThe Andersonville bid Fire Department celebrated a long-awaited new addition this afternoon.The department celebrated the opening of its third fire station, located in the Belmont community. The new station is located at the site of the former Belmont School, which was destroyed by fire in the 1960s. The fire station only cost about $22 dollars a square foot, instead of $80, for a total cost of about $110-thousand dollars. Some of the materials were donated and most of the construction was done by volunteers who once attended the former schooldays.Theres no way to put a cost on what they mean to us. The four men particularly that worked and worked tirelessly, day in and day out, sunshine afternoons, Saturdays late. Theres no way to put a figure on it, said Chief Jeff Bagwell. The station includes a community r oom and community picnic area. Firefighters will live at the station for free and be available to answer calls at night to help reduce response time.Andersonville residents who worked on the latest fire station will share their efforts with the public Tuesday at 400 p.m. agree to a press release, the Belmont Fire Station will help make fighting fires in the community more efficient and serve as a public gathering place. In addition, the fire stations contruction and design provides the neighborhood with a link to the past. The fire department expects to respond to fire calls in the area more quickly since firefighters will live at the station for no charge. The fire station serves more purposes than lodgment the fire department. confederacy groups can meet and hold picnics there. In addition to being more than a fire station, the facility has a legacy. It is on the site of a former school which burned down in the 1960s. former Belmont School students who are now retired helped b uild the new fire hall. Volunteers also lent a hand designing the exterior of the firestationfashioning the cupola after one at the old school. Building material contributions and volunteer labor helped to keep the cost of the project down. The grand opening will start at 400 p.m. Tours will be offered. A ribbon cutting will take place at 600 p.m. The station is on the corner of Park bridle-path and Sequoyah Road in Andersonville. The fire department expects to respond to fire calls in the area more quickly since firefighters will live at the station for no charge. The fire station serves more purposes than housing the fire department. Community groups can meet and hold picnics there. In addition to being more than a fire station, the facility has a legacy. It is on the site of a former school which burned down in the 1960s. Former Belmont School students who are now retired helped build the new fire hall. Volunteers also lent a hand designing the exterior of the firestation fashio ning the cupola after one at the old school. According to a press release, the Belmont Fire Station will help make fighting fires in the community more efficient and serve as a public gathering place. In addition, the fire stations contruction and design provides the neighborhood with a link to the past. The fire department expects to respond to fire calls in the area more quickly since firefighters will live at the station for no charge. The fire station serves more purposes than housing the fire department. Community groups can meet and hold picnics there. The department celebrated the opening of its third fire station, located in the Belmont community. The new station is located at the site of the former Belmont School, which was destroyed by fire in the 1960s. The Andersonville Volunteer Fire Department celebrated a long-awaited new addition this afternoon. The station includes a community room and community picnic area. Firefighters will live at the station for free and be avai lable to answer calls at night to help reduce response time. http//www.wbir.com/news/ article/286122/2/Andersonville-to-open-3rd-fire-station-Chapter 3 Summary, Conclusions and RecommendationsA. SummaryWe all know that a fire station is a structure with areas set aside forstorage of fire fighting apparatus such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. It may also have dormitory living facilities and work areas for the use of fire fighters. Living areas are sometimes arranged above the garage bays where personnel without specific station duties during the night shift are allowed to sleep unless a dispatch is called. In that situation, fire fighters may have special means to allow entry to the ground floor quickly when a call for help is received, such as sliding down a brass pole called a firemans pole. This arrangement also allows for a raised area to hang hoses to dry to prevent damage. In a single story statio n, a tower-like structure is sometimes used for hose hanging. An occupied station will usually have a station alarm system for receiving and annunciating an alarm, and indications of where and what caused the alarm. However, sometimes the only alarm is a telephone that is rung in case of emergency. In a more structured operation, full-time or on-call volunteer or career fire fighters staff the station some or all of the time. There may be office space for the officers, a library of reference and other materials, and a trophy wall or case where the fire fighters display memorabilia. Activities in a fire station include regular inspection and cleaning of the apparatus and equipment, and continuing education in the fire service. Weekly or bi-weekly routine typically includes various drills in which fire fighters practice their skills. Some fire companies also host public activities at the fire station during annual fire prevention week In our case, we will be designing a first class fi re station which means, this fire station will contain all of the necessary equipment and apparatus. Also, it will contain all of the necessary and additional space areas such as recreational area, different offices, living, dining and kitchen areas, library, training area, etc. We are planning to design a fire station that has modern aesthetics that will give a positive impression to us as the designers. Good function of our space program is also what were striving, for which this is a fire station, and it needs great planning of spaces mostly in case of emergencies and easy access of the fire trucks to the outside. We are really striving to design an image that would automatically determine that our structure is considered as first class. We will implement in our design the usage of glass which implies modern era and it will helpthe staff inside the building to be aware on their surroundings outside. B. ConclusionsBased on the findings, the following conclusions have been drawn1. In answer to question number 1 What design, materials and ideas contains in a first class fire station?The researchers found out that in a first class fire station, designs of modernism such as the usage of glass, metallic silver borders and bright glossy colors are used. Ideas of minimalism is always applied in modern first class fire stations, vast spaces is implied for better circulation and comfortable aura. Materials like glossy marble, picture glass window, etc. are used. The idea of having wide apparatus bay and more offices is implied in a first class fire station, having complete space areas and additional ones to. More dormitories and spaces for fire fighters, having a sense of home comfort during their stay in the fire station.2. In answer to question number 2 Why does first class fire stations are implemented and preferred nowadays?The researchers found out that first class fire stations are implemented and preferred in a lot of ways because primarily, first class fire s tations have it all. The flexibility and functionality of a first class fire station when it comes to the services being offered by our fire fighters and officers are more upgraded because of modern technologies and design ideas used in a first class fire station. The needs and wants of the fire fighters and officers are met in a first class fire station. With this kind of environment, they are more eager to take and do their jobs more motivated because they are being paid off by the beauty and home comfort of their fire stations.3. In answer to question number 3 What to expect in a first class fire station?Well obviously, you will expect in any first class structures, buildings, etc. the quality of the materials and designs used. In a first class fire station, it is expect that the materials and equipments used are top of the line, the designs are great and the way the space are programmed is outstanding. You will also expect in a first class fire station the aesthetics or beauty o f the structure, the modernism of its design. First class fire stations have it all. The equipments and facilities are expected to be compete. The offices for different officers are divided in such for their own work to be accomplished. Modern tools and apparatus are used, clothings and gears of fire fighters are complete, training grounds and recreational areas are found.C. Recommendations importantThe following recommendations were made by the researchers after analysing the beneficiaries of this particular study. These are follows1. To those who are planning to construct or to design a first class fire stations to know what to implement and to use, to have a smart space planning or programming and to have a satisfying way of life for their fire fighters and company.2. To the government, for which this study will serve as a great guidelines in designing and constructing a first class fire station for their country or city, having many facts and ideas in this study.3. To those conc erned citizens who are curious enough to think of a first class fire station implementation for the improvement of our society in the field of fire emergency cases.4. To future researchers that would make a further study of this kind, it is recommended for them to absorb this study for them to have more knowledge and facts on what will they expand on their elect research study topic.Researchers Recommendations1. As what is stated above, it is really advisable to recommend this research study to those who are planning to construct or to design a first class fire stations to know what to implement and to use, to have a smart space planning or programming and to have a satisfying way of life for their fire fighters and company staff. This study would really help them throughout their thinking of what is needed in a first class fire station. This study will give a lot of bright ideas and will totally benefit from their design.-Ron Adrian P. Cruz2. This is recommended to those individua ls with plans to construct a first class fire station for which this study contains a lot of facts and details on what to use and to put in a first class fire station. This study will make their ideas more broad and flexible, they will know where to start and to put additional details that they unfortunately didnt saw on this research study.-Patrica Marie B. DayaoPART IIIREFERENCESThe researchers would like to thank all of the persons and websites that openly expanded and broadened our research, their help contributes a lot in our case study research.Websites/Articleshttp//www.google.com.ph/http//manilastandardtoday.com/2013/07/12/two-fires-hit-makati/http//www.wbir.com/news/article/286122/2/Andersonville-to-open-3rd-fire-station-http//megacities-go-services.com/layout/set/print/Manila/Latest-News-Articleshttp//topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/f/fires_and_firefighters/index.htmlhttp//www.fireengineering.com/articles/2013/08/wrightstyle-looks-back-from-curfew-to- modern-us-fire-safety.htmlhttp//articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/fire-departmenthttp//en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Fire_Protectionhttp//www.quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=69&Itemid=366http//www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2007/R1813part3.pdfhttp//www.isomitigation.com/ppc/fire-station.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_departmenthttp//www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=fire&searchmode=nonehttp//www.finedictionary.com/fire%20station.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Fire_Departmenthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Fire_Departmenthttp//www.london-fire.gov.uk/http//www.peoriagov.org/fire-department/http//www.firestations.org.uk/Station_Details.php?stn=Woodford%20fire%20station&lat=51.609343&lon=0.024014http//www.hantsfire.gov.uk/stationdetail.htm?stcode=01&stname=basingstokehttp//www.hantsfire.gov.uk/stationdetail.htm?stcode=29&stname=petersfieldhttp//fireservices. ap.gov.in/http//www.nelsonmandelabay.gov.za/Content.aspx?objID=218http//710keel.com/more-details-surface-about-the-scandal-in-the-shreveport-fire-department/http//www.mfb.vic.gov.au/Contact-Us/MFB-details.htmlhttp//www.mfb.vic.gov.au/About-Us/Stations-and-Districts/Station-No-27.htmlPersons/EstablishmentsThe alumnus library of Far Eastern University for allowing them to use their materials and resources such as books and thesis projectsThe electronic library of Far Eastern University for allowing them to use their books and computersMakati City Central Fire station for letting the researchers do an ocular inspection, interviews and provide demonstrations for broader knowledge about this case study research topicTo Supt. Ricardo C. Perdigon for providing wide range of answers to our questions and additional facts for more understanding and knowledge about this case study research topic