Strategic management final exam bachelor degree Term Paper

Strategic management last(a) exam bachelor degree - Term Paper ExampleThis relationship identifies validity of the didactics from the placement that organizations can focus on their microenvironment and manage the factors to overcome any possible effects of the macro environment. This is because microenvironment much(prenominal) as organizational behavior and employee efficiencies are easily manageable as they are under organizations powers.A consideration of a communication channel line long-term scope and effects of the macro environment however invalidates the statement because micro environmental factors influence many organizational activities. The economic environment that includes economic conditions and economic policies is the beginning(a) important factor to organizations. Factors such as inflation rates, unemployment rates, trade regulations, and interest rates have significant effects on productivity of and profitability of an organization and therefore affect sus tainability. Political environment is other significant macro environment factor and plays a significant role in influencing success of business organization. Political stability establishes investors confidence and therefore facilitates commercial activities, especially at global level and semipolitical ideologies and relations with other countries facilitate ties for favorable business environments. Socio cultural environment that include peoples preferences, family systems, caste systems, education, marriage, among other social and cultural factors determines markets and revenue levels to businesses (Mukesh and Trehan n.d, p. 12). Technological environment with its characteristic advantage of facilitating usable efficiency and demographic factors that determine volume and trend of demand for products is also very important to business organizations lives. The significance of macro environment that dictates sustainability and efficiency of organizations internal factors therefo re identifies relevance of the environment to businesses. This means

Steps used in quantitative research and steps used in qualitative Essay

Steps use in quantitative look for and steps used in qualitative research - Essay display caseThis is then followed up by the articulation of research questions or hypothesis. These are usually the guiding pillars on what is to be achieved by the story. Designing the research study is the nigh important step and it usually guides the some other research steps which include sample alternative, data collection, analysis and interpretation. The interpretation step seeks to determine whether the study answers the research questions or whether it conforms to the stated hypothesis. This is followed by the drawing up of conclusions and the writing up of the final research report.Qualitative research can be conducted in 10 steps. The first and second steps have-to doe with the choosing of a subject or the area of study, as well as choosing the onslaught to be used. Choosing the approach is also referred to as designing the study, and this step encompasses a number of steps that inclu de the review of literature, the planning of research questions, statement of the purpose of the research, and sampling (Chenail, 2011). During sampling, aspects such as the target population, the appropriate sample, sample selection methods are addressed since they directly impact on the data collection and analysis methods to be used. The next step involves the addressing of the ethical concerns associated with the study. Other steps include data collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation of the findings, and the writing of the final

Why does the US continue to label Hezbollah as a terrorist Research Paper

why does the US continue to label al-Jihad as a terrorist organization - Research Paper eccentricThe US perceives Hezbollah as a terrorist organization and is constantly urging the European nations and the United Nations to blur it a terrorist organization. The British have the perception that it has two wings, one that is governmental and the other, the military which is responsible for terrorism. This use up has since been refuted by Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah (ITIC, p. 2). Other governments mostly Muslim and Islamic nations, consider Hezbollah a legitimate resistance group. The problem is, the branding is based on governments perceptions (Stewart 137). Terror is perceived as war against Islam. So why does the US continue to label Hezbollah as a terrorist organization, yet the organization has well defined manifesto of resisting Israeli invasion, and any other colonialist invasions? The aim of this examine is to explain the other side of the organization. It is to show that Hezbollah is not a terrorist organization, but a governmental party that fights against invasion as well as development. It is also to show that the branding of the organization as a terrorist organization needs more facts and explanations as to why. ... This shows how dominating the organization is, a characteristic of a political party. Anti Defamation League, notes that Hezbollah has been labelled as a terrorist group, but its actions have shifted its political stand to advocating for the electoral interests of the Shiis comm whiz. Shii community is about 40% of the population of Lebanon (2008). Hezbollah is a political entity that does not only fight against Israeli invasion, but for its existence and power as well. In May 2008, an agreement was formed between Lebanons western backed government and Hezbollah. This was meant to end a political crisis that had lasted 18 months and was on the brink of causing a civil war in Lebanon. From the agreement, Hezbollah and its allie s obtained prohibition powers over the government decisions and were awarded 11 pose out of 30 cabinet seats (ADL 2008). In 2009 parliamentary elections however, Hezbollah and its allies were defeated and remained with 11 out of its 128 seats. A new unity government formed in November, which now holds two cabinet seats belonging to Hezbollah (ADL 2008). whole these be indications of a political party with its own strategies of getting power from the Lebanese government. There are several cogitates why Hezbollah is considered a Terrorist country and these will be discussed, but the main reason why Hezbollah exists in the first place is because of the Israeli Invasion. The formation of Hezbollah explains all their actions. The administration of Hezbollah Hezbollah was founded in 1985 and is a major political force (Tucker p. 529), although considered a terrorist group or organization by the US, the British and some other countries. In 2001, President George W. Bush in his lingui stic communication to a joint session of congress, noted that there

Essay about a study case analysis of the OIL MARKET

About a study case analysis of the OIL MARKET - Essay ExampleAs opposed to the relievo of the world which uses fossil oil more for heat and power, Canada and The United States use oil more for transportation providing a larger market. The Northern Hemisphere provides a larger market during cold months. Developing countries provide a substantial market size but the increasing debt is making them a less targeted market (Luciani 85).The sexual relation price of oil substitutes such as gas also affects the lease for oil. The development of reliable and cheaper oil substitutes may cause a shift in demand away from crude oil towards the uphill substitutes. Research and development of non-oil substitutes has educaten since the high oil prices during 2004-2005, even though this tush take years to affect the energy market. These substitutes include renewable and alternative fuels like hydropower solar wind geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Related goods can also be compliments of oil or goods that utilize oil and oil products like vehicles. If the prices of vehicles rise then the demand for oil allow fall and if the prices of vehicles fall then the demand of oil will rise. This shows that related goods can either be substitutes or complements.The amount of income a country is willing to dangle also determines the demand for oil and oil products. If the consumer country has more disposable income then the demand for oil will be more but if the income remains constant and the oil price rises the demand falls. in addition when oil prices fall the amount of oil demanded for the same income will rise. This means that a relatively higher(prenominal) income level consequently increases demand levels and a lower income translates into lower demand for oil. This explains why developed countries demand more oil than developing countries. The dependency on oil has led to many of the developing countries to quite a little a lot of debts in their quest to acquire oil (Pira yoff 76).Oil supply depends with its availability and it is believed

Business finance and legal service coursework(Write a report on the Essay

Business finance and legal helping coursework(Write a report on the financial performance of a comp each in a situation sector) - Essay ExampleAs a cascading effect the production activities suffered. There were reports of spare capacity which in turn resulted into massive employment cut during 2012. New exports reduced considerably. As a result the push withgrowth in the manufacturing sector or FMCG sector has f altogetheren steeply during 2011 to 2012 (Chartered Institute Of Purchasing and Supply, 2 April, 2013). Manufacturing activities bring up a bit higher towards the end of 2012 but rate of expansion was marginal and weak. The reasons behind it were address inflation acceleration in Eurozone and rise in average input price hitting an octette month high (Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply, January 2013). The downturn UK economy was suffering came to an end during December 2012 with direct of production and new orders rising at a faster rates. Reportedly highes t gains were made by Britains consumer goods producer. It has been predicted if the recoveries in the overseas market continue to build during then Britain exporters are expected to make out huge profit out of it (Chartered Institute of Purchasing And Supply, December 2012). ... The Company believes in growth through organic and international expansion. The company has grown so much in the short embroil collectable to great strategic planning. Their ambition is to grow their group together EBIT margin by an average of 50bps per annum from2009-2013 (Britvic plc, n.d.). They play along an expansion of 2-3% every year. The company gives prime focus in closing distribution gaps in all routes to market. Britvic started acquiring independent still business since 2010.They acquired Friute business in France with leading brand such as Teissiere and Pressade. This was followed by the prime acquisition of A.G. Barr during September 2012. The companys excellent performance during this short span demonstrates their ability to grow in business and create shareholders wealth (Britvic plc, n.d.). An Overview of Financial Performance Data and ratios snatch OF FINANCIAL POSITION OF BRITVIC PLC NAME FORMULA CALCULATION 2012 2011 plunder Profit Ratio (Net Profit/ Net Sales) 0.061703822 0.061937984 Return On Capital Invested (Adjusted Net Profit/Capital Employed) 0.118501529 0.118545994 Price Earnings Ratio (Market foster Of Share/ Earning Per Share) 15.2941176 Data Insufficient Current Ratio (Current Asset/Current Liability) 1.02425876 0.984615385 Capital Gearing Ratio (Equity Share Capital/ Fixed Interest Bearing Funds) 0.327546089 0.327983252 Debt Equity Ratio or Long marches Borrowing Ratio (Total Long Term Debts/ Shareholders Fund) 8.439577039 9.055292259 (Tracy, 2012) The above table gives a snapshot of the companys financial position during the two fiscal years. The net profit ratio didnt suffer any change within the two fiscal years. But the revenue had

Case Study - Mental Dysfunction Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

- Mental disfunction - Case Study ExampleThis happening alike changed him from being a happy boy into an barbaric fellow. In addition, it has made him to experience sleepless nights and loose the hope of looking a better emerging as indicated by his inaction in seeking for a job since that the incident. The sexual harassment incident has also made Isaac to be paranoid, aggressive and agitated. Freeman and Garety (2004) state that paranoia is characterized by excessive suspicion of the actions of other(a) spate around a person and hostility towards them and these can be noted in Isaac. He is distrustful and feels very insecure for example, he feels his mother has evil intentions towards him in her actions and accuses her of vague conspiracies. He thinks people in town see him as a gay. Evidence that Isaac is suffering from aggression can be seen in his actions like threatened his mother with a knife, causing problems in the streets and shouting around. He has also turned into be haviours like heavy smoking of marijuana to make him forget about all his seriously lucks. These characters contrast his pre-harassment behaviours of being well mannered and trouble free. Isaacs case presents the need for a true safety plan for him, the nurse in attendance and other local emergency department staff. It is unambiguous that Isaac is suffering from depression. ... It pull up stakes eliminate the possibilities of him chasing around the staff. A restoration of the confidence to interact with friends is important because it get out make Isaac to cooperate willingly with the departmental staff instead of seeing them as enemies and incite him to conflict them. Goldberg (1998) advices that Isaac should be handled with love to reduce his symptoms of aggression which are a sign of inner bitterness and anger. It will also stop him from becoming suspicious of the intentions of the actions of staff towards him hence he will not fight back negatively. However, Isaacs hands s hould remain tied until he shows signs of improvement and a reliable level of relaxation. As soon as he becomes calm, Isaac should be given restricted freedom within the facility. This should be go with by activities that encourage restoration of self-efficacy like personal hygiene. In order to restore a good interpersonal relationship at this stage, he will be allowed to interact with his friends, neighbours, and mother under rigorous supervision to gauge his level of risk once released to go home. The time periods will then be increased for every visit. He should also undergo behaviour therapy to reduce his paranoia state. Isaacs Mental deposit Examination Appearance (dress, hygiene, grooming, posture, gait, eye contact) On his admission, Isaac was poorly dressed and very dirty. His hair was unkempt and had lice. Isaac was not able to maintain a stable posture and a straight eye contact for long. He paces back and forth too frequently and quickly turns to look away from the pe ople around him. He is too slim for his age. Behaviour (manner, friendliness,

Tesco Plc Financial Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tesco Plc Financial Analysis - Coursework ExampleFurthermore, Tesco operate online sales of product which has seen them expand internationally and maintain customers all over the world. There are reasons as to why Tesco is customers favorite store in the UK. Tesco create got a well analyzed capital structure which supports the growth of business plan with amity of their expertise in the financial system and cash management. Tesco also has a business that deals in banking. In its finance department, Tesco has schemed on operation of its business and financial strategies which is inclusive on debt, financial backing, equity, and capital investment. Tesco as a corporation is authorized to give only three categories of capital stock. These categories are unlimited in count and are inclusive of preferred shares, common shares, and the 2nd preferred shares. The common shareholders are permitted to attendance of whatsoever meeting and receiving of nonice of the Tescos shareholders. T he common shareholders also discombobulate the right to only one vote. both(prenominal) the second and first shareholders are known as preferred shareholders. According to the rights of the preferred Shareholders, the common shareholders have gotten the right to receivership of any dividend that has been declared by Tesco Corporation and upon dissolution receive any remnants of Tesco Corporation. Tesco states that their main sources of finance are from medium and long term debts, retained profits, commercial paper, leases, issues and bank borrowings (Tesco 2007). There is a FY Tesco generated 2611 zillion pounds from their operating activities that financed 3 billion pounds expenditure on capital, inclusive of 1899 million profit that added to retained earnings. other(a) finance provider is from the shareholders. The company gets financed by debt more than equity. Leases also form a source of financing Tesco, which is a major contributor towards its residuum sheet and in its c apital structure. The financial strategy of Tesco seems to have moved to a change in its capital structure hence making equity returns get better by the development of finance debt in utilizing tax shield. Nevertheless, it seems that it is because of the ratio of debt-equity that there have not been any changes. To support this, by the year 2010, this ratio had actually dropped to approximately 0.11 from 0.12. After debt issues in the balance sheet and sale of property, this level was reinstated to its initial level. By consideration of this ratio, there is a sign that Tesco is not concentrated on improvement of shareholders equity return. Taking this to be their major goal, Tesco would have achieved it by the increase of leverage and more debt issue. Instead, they take advantage of conversion of assets into capital with the aim of making the shareholders interested. Question 2 Question two requires an explanation on what FACTORING FOR BUSINESS means and its usefulness in an organ ization. factorization for business is a transaction in finance that involves selling of a firms cipher receivables. In a detailed level, factoring involves the provision of finance by the factor to the accounts seller in advance cash form (Seidman, 2005). The accounts are always approximately 80 portion of the total price of the accounts purchase, taking into account payment of the purchase price balance, commission and upon collection other charges. The factor may opt for

Special interests Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Special interest groups - denomination ExampleIn democratic countries, especially the US, the people can express their preferences even after the elections by directly contacting the officials they elected concerning specific issues. Most of these activities in the United States are carried out by nonionic and enduring efforts coordinated by special interest groups, which brings together individuals with a common goal to stress collective action from elected officials. Special interest groups are associations whose members have shared concerns and attempt to settle governing body policies that impact these specific concerns (Lowi et al, 2013). While elected officials often complain that special interests have unwarrantable influence on US politics, interest groups work closely with the administration and Congress in pen policy initiatives and legislation. In addition, they also provide the public and the government with information on an array of issues, eyepatch also substa ntially contributing to political campaigns. In recent years, there has been a significant improver in the number special interest groups, especially with almost all segments of society in the US represented by a special interest group (Lowi et al, 2013).One way of classifying special interest groups is by the groups they represent. Some groups are directly interested in economic policies taken by the government and get their support from producers and manufacturers in specific sectors of the economy, such as the National Federation of Independent backup that represents owners of small businesses (Lowi et al, 2013).

Applying Risk Management Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applying Risk Management Consulting - Essay typesetters caseIn general, risks may vary from operational, strategic, financial, networking to marketing and such. Thus risks are inevitable though undesired. The correct definition of risk as such, depends upon the situation pertinent to it.Identifying and understanding risks is the most crucial part in any risk management principle. Once the risk factors are identified, a thorough analysis is undertaken after which allot measures are taken to eliminate, control or reduce them.In the given case of Riordan Manufacturing Inc., a practical(prenominal) organization, the following study discusses the network arranging of the different branches of the organization at varied geographic locations. The actual network topology reveals vulnerabilities in diverse points and is prone to risks that can be eliminated or minimised adopting certain impressive security measures. For a large organization like Riordan Manufacturing, security is an ov erriding concern.In the current scenario, of networking threats and hacking techniques universe reinvented and developing every minute, it is crucial for the network administrator of any network, be it small or giant , to implement stringent security measures to prevent any damages. Damages may either be in the form of leakage, destruction, manipulation or misuse of data, intrusion into the home network hindering smooth scat of operations thereby eliciting huge financial losses.Considered to be the building block of network protection,risk itself, should be the sense of the designed safety strategies and the resulting security architecture. Risk management (Commercial Insights Risk Management Insights, 2012). principles are generally evolved considering factors some(prenominal) of internal and external natures. Internal factors may be assets, vulnerabilities or policies while external factors may be threats, legal or business forces.So, in conducting risk analysis, the foremost issue that comes up is, in identifying the threats the system are

Towards Effective Diversity Communication at ABC Assignment

Towards Effective Diversity Communication at first principle - Assignment ExampleAccording to the report the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is also raw on reflecting Americas heathenish and ethnic diversity and this inevitably calls for broadening the diversity of its workforce. For instance, as part of its diversity initiative, the corporation now broadcasts programs that represent Americas diverse ethnic and heathen identities including shows by African Americans, Latina, as well as Asian lead hosts. With the widening ethnic and heathenish diversity at the ABC, there are innumerable points of conflict that may easily provoke conflicts collect to disagreements or misunderstandings within the organization.From this discussionn it is clear thatthe increasing ethnic and cultural diversity at ABC poses minute communication challenges, especially because the corporations diverse workforce espouses varied and often opposed cultural values and beliefs, which exert a profound impact on their communication styles.In light of the many an(prenominal) communication challenges that arise among workforces, as a result of the increasingly multicultural workplaces and diverse communities, it is imperative for the ABC to create and incorporate multicultural communication strategies within its organizational communications framework. Generally, the news agency should initiate multicultural communication workshops to teach its diverse workforces about cultural differences and cross-cultural competences that are critical for interacting with mess from diverse cultural background.

Middle Eastern Comparative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Middle Eastern Comparative Law - Essay ExampleThe clear running is what most refers to as the philosophy of sharia, and one of the basics of sharia. It is a core foundation on which the opinion is based on that God created the souls of every individual and appointed a divine law for each. The and path that is clear and straight is the Sharia (BBC).Throughout Islamic history, God has sent out messages to contrastive people across the world to guide them to the clear and straight path. All the messengers have reminded mankind that they be in the divine guidance of their creator.The Sharia clusters both human actions into five categories obligatory, permitted, recommended, disliked and forbidden. Obligatory actions essential be executed, and God rewards people who perform them with good intentions. The opposite of these actions ar the forbidden ones. Recommended actions are those that should be done, and the opposite of them is the disliked actions. Permitted actions are neither encouraged nor discouraged.Another core principle to the Sharia is that it covers all aspects of human life. Four key parts make up the classical Sharia Manuals laws regarding individual acts of worship, laws relating to mercenary activities, laws relating to the issues of marriage and divorce, and penal laws (BBC).Sacred law is very distinctive from secular law although there are storied similarities such as the reference to a mutually consented set of laws. One of the most notable differences is that sacred law is very rigid to changes as compared to the secular law. Those adhering to sacred law are guaranteed of a rigid set of laws that is well understood by the population and also faces little opposition. Although some of the systems that hire sacred law are a bit oppressive, a large portion of the public consider the law (Dien 56).Secular law on the other hand is a bit adaptive and changes from quantify to time to accommodate emergent issues. Since it is prone to changes, the public is not always of the

Should human resource managers only recruit extraverts as leaders Essay

Should human resource managers precisely recruit extraverts as leaders - Essay ExampleBusiness world never expressed affectionate attitude towards introverts. However, four out of ten top-managers are introverts. Larry Page, the founder and the head of Google is among them. Moreover, they became successful not because they tried and true to act against their introversion, tho on the contrary, due to it. New investigations show that introverts create more appropriate surround for teamwork, than their sociable colleagues. It is essential to mention that the most successful introverts also can behave like extraverts. The cogency to pretend is a very important tool in the leaders arsenal. Moreover, introverts are normally good supervisors of active initiators. According to Laurie Helgoe , introverts are more effective leaders of proactive employees. When you have a creative, energetic work force, an introvert is going to draw out that energy better (cited in why Introverts Can Make Great Leaders ) The investigator Francesca Gino also argue that if youre working in a team that has lots of knowledge, where people are proactive and suggesting ideas for improvement, you would do better for the team if you took a backseat stick and took the approach of an introvert, who is very careful in listening to suggestions (Ridgeway, 2010).Secondly, to listen to is sometimes more important than to speak. sometimes the restrained style of leadership of the founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg seemed rather disadvantageous than advantageous. At the beginning of his passage Zuckerberg was very shy, even seemed autistic and behaved very awkwardly in public. However, behind the unsuccessful attempts to give interviews at that place was a man who can listen to perfectly. Extroverts in their turn tend not to listen but to speak that can be harmful for business in some situation. Actually, introverts and extroverts treat communication other than Introverts require some quiet time to recharge at the end of a busy day meeting people. Extroverts get

Module 6 Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 6 Reflections - Essay Example champion key area that outstood in the module was the coding and interpretation of information. Through the lecture I got so much insight on the best strategies of analyzing the data. I remember vividly the lecturers commandments of data analysis. The first thing addressed was that there is need to have a thorough understanding of the belles-lettres presented. The second point involved adequate preparation while the other thing was to organize archival data in clear batches. Through these steps plus the drill from the textbook helped me have a solid understanding of the best approach to data analysis. I remember very well reading that data is supposed to be reviewed before it is coded.Another area of concern was in understanding the all in all aspect of validity. I went with the textbook to gain further insight on the topic consequently I was able to get a number of concepts about the topic. It was not ringing into my mind the so called exte rnal and internal validity but I sought help from a friend who lordly the two aspects for me in concise details. According to what I understood, internal validity deals with the extent to which research findings minimizes the biasness that is achieved by the research while external validity refers to the generalizability of a research to other populations.Upon getting, the basic information through the lecture to the text, which provides slightly great insight on most of the aspects, learnt in class. Dr. Long shed some good light on the ways of dealing with substance and rigor in qualitative research. charge if validity had proven somehow tricky to get the full concept behind it, Long mentioned the promissory note between validity and credibility. However, despite the understanding one question still lingers in my mind and requires somebody to give me an elaborate description. The difference between credibility and reliability is the area of concern.In module 4, I had encounter ed a number of challenges in differentiating between

Leisure and toursim policy - choosen topic is future of london toursim Essay

Leisure and toursim policy - choosen base is future of london toursim and international toursim in general - Essay Exampleals and evening base economic activity driven by theatres, cinemas, restaurants, bars, public houses, nightclubs and casinos, all told of which attract tourists and day visitors as hearty as residents. 1 On the other hand, it has to be noticed that touristry is not a clear-cut vault of heaven but an all-embracing and pervasive domain of service and industrial activities. It touches upon almost all spheres of national tone within the country and that is particularly the reason why a sound state policy of tourism should be essentially formulated before any significant tourism investment projects are launched. As rightly put by MacCannell, tourism is an ideological enclose of history, nature and tradition a framing that has the power to reshape culture and nature to its own needs (MacCannell 1992). Regarding specifically the blank activities, it has been fou nd that the date of the public to them is really significant. A characteristic example could be the case of U.S. where the participation of people of all ages in the leisure activities is noticeable. More specifically, gibe to the 1994-1995 National Survey on Recreation and the Environment, most U.S. residents everyplace 16 years old participate in fitness activities (68.3%), swimming, (54.2%), and walking (66.7%) (Cordell 1999). As for Britain it has been found 7 that the types of leisure activities preferred by the public are differentiated from that of U.S. with nearly nine in ten swelled viewers in the United Kingdom to watch television every day of the week in 2003, with nearly a quarter of viewers watching it for two to three hours a day. UK residents made a record 42.9 million holiday trips abroad in 2004, an increase from 6.7 million in 1971 Spain was the most fashionable destination, followed by France 7.In order to define tourism policy we should primarily describe to urism. In this context, according to a broad definition 6 tourism is a service industry, comprising a number of tangible and intangible

Organic Chemistry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organic Chemistry - Lab Report ExampleThe root of obscures from these infixed products is an example of solid/ smooth-spoken blood-the solid being the natural product and the politic being the resolvent into which the compounds are extracted. In research, a Soxhlet extractor is often used for solid/liquid extraction.Although solid/liquid extraction is the most commonalty technique for brewing beverages and isolating compounds from natural products, liquid/liquid extraction is a very common method used in the organic laboratory, specifically when isolating reply products. Reactions are typically homogeneous liquid mixtures and can therefore be extracted with either an organic or aqueous solvent. Organic reactions often yield a number of by products- whatsoever inorganic and some organic. Also, because some organic reactions do not go to 100% completion, a small amount of starting stuff and nonsense is present at the end of the reaction. When a reaction is complete, it is nec essary to do a workup, that is, separate and ameliorate the desired product from the mixture of byproducts and residual starting material. Liquid/liquid extraction is a common separation step in this workup, which is then followed by purification of the product. There are two types of liquid/liquid extractions neutral and acid/base. ... 2 CH3CH2CH2CH2OH +2NaBr +H2S042CH3CH2CH2CH2Br +2H20 +Na2S04The 1-bromobutane is isolated from the reaction mixture by extraction with t-butyl methyl radical ether, an organic solvent in which 1-bromobutane is soluble and in which water system and sodium sulfate are insoluble. The extraction is accomplished by simply adding t-butyl methyl ether to the aqueous mixture and shaking it. Two layers allow result an organic layer and an aqueous layer. The t-butyl methyl ether is less dense than water and floats on top it is easily removed/drained away from the water layer and evaporated to leave the bromo product unacquainted(p) of inorganic substances, which reside in the aqueous layer. Partition Coefficient The extraction of a compound such as 1-butanol, which is slightly soluble in water as well as very soluble in ether, is an equilibrium process governed by the solubilities of the alcohol in the two solvents. The ratio of the solubilities is known as the diffusion coeeficient, also called the partition coefficient (k), and is an equilibirium constant with a certain value for a given substance, pair of solvents, and temperatureThe tightness of the solute in each solvent can be well correlated with the solubility of the solute in the slight solvent, a figure that is readily found in solubility tables in reference books. For substance C K = concentration of C in t-butyl methyl etherConcentration of C in watersolubility of C in t-butyl methyl ether (g/100mL)Solubility of C in water (g/100mL)Consider compound A that dissolves in t-butyl methyl ether to the finale of 12 g/100mLand dissolves in water to the extent of 6g/100mL.K = 1 2g/100mL

Finance assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Finance assignment1 - Essay Example644003600028400Since the least payment to be paid by Alresford to Gibson under third option, i.e., 28400, it is advisable to go ahead with third option. (d) Under Imputation system, the appraise payable by the company is deductible for the tax computation of shareholders. The imputation system, when the companys tax is avoided the calculation will be as followsOperating cash flownorthsouthtotalcost of capitalmart value12000120002400018%43201200080002000018%36001600080002400018%43202000040002400018%4320PART BThe Cost and Benefits of DebtIntroductionAmong the conglomerate sources of capital, debt is an important and popular source of hanker term fund for small as well as big firms. Other sources include equity and preference shares and retained earnings. Debt is a long term show with a lender by a company to assist finance on a certain set of conditions. The lender may be banks and financial institutions, public, and new(prenominal) corporation s issuing debt securities. The company can avail debt capital in unhomogeneous figure outs such as bonds, long term loans from banks and financial institutions etc. cleave is the most familiar form of debt security issued by a corporation. Bonds are issued by governments also in time of financial crisis. Debt is the least cost and hence the most popular source of capital for corporations. In addition to that it has many advantages. As bonds are the common form of debt capital, bonds and debt are often used interchangeably. Moreover, the attributes of bonds as a source of long term capital are similar to any other debt capital. Therefore, the next discussion of cost and benefits of debt is common to bonds and long term loans.Cost of DebtDebt is a long term promise with a lender (bank or public) by a...The company can avail debt capital in various forms such as bonds, long term loans from banks and financial institutions etc. Bond is the most common form of debt security issued by a corporation. Bonds are issued by governments also in time of financial crisis. Debt is the least cost and hence the most popular source of capital for corporations. In addition to that it has many advantages. As bonds are the common form of debt capital, bonds and debt are often used interchangeably. Moreover, the attributes of bonds as a source of long term capital are similar to any other debt capital. Therefore, the following discussion of cost and benefits of debt is common to bonds and long term loans.Debt is a long term agreement with a lender (bank or public) by a company to avail funds on the condition that affaire group shall be paid by the latter to the former during the period of debt and the principal shall be paid at the end of maturity period. The interest to be payable by the company to the lender is known as the cost of debt. In other words, cost of debt is the interest payable by the company to the lender for using the latters hard earned money. The interest payment is to be made annually or semi-annually depending upon the terms of agreement.

The marginalised in A Modest Proposal Essay Example for Free

The marginalised in A Modest Proposal EssayThe use of wit, barbed humour, irony, and bemock to criticise and place out faults is used by the renowned author Jonathan Swift to once again, enrapture the audience and readers with a proposal that is not so very modest. A Modest Proposal is considered by umpteen to be one of the most well written and finest example of satire in domain of a function literature. His mere proposal for cannibalism as a method to bring justice and allow the citizens of Ireland at a time of depression, is insanely absurd however taking the persona of a well-intentioned economist and publication it in the form of a pamphlet, the idea itself seems quite justifiable. Jonathan Swift uses the pamphlet as a vogue to exemplify and point out the puzzles that indeed harbour the entire country of Ireland. He assembles multiple points and facts which point out that Ireland is its own enemy. The dire poverty lingering in the streets and the position the familie s strike themselves in atomic number 18 a significant example of this which is shown right from the start the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. He follows on by saying that the many number of children as well as the low income of the parents are indeed a huge problem for the people. There appears that nothing is being done at current to dissolve of the problem and the people find themselves at ends meet.Jonathan be causa writes about a possible dissolving agent which may be classified in modern times as being down right bordering on the edge of insanity. He devises a method that may help the workers and labourers find a way to rid of their problems and live a break-dance life. His method being using the children and simply put, make them their breakfast, lunch, dinner and clothing. What better way to start then to point out and critically assess the p roblems lingering in the country and propose a solution which may be the end to all the their problems.Multiple times mentioned throughout the pamphlet, brought out by sarcastic humour, papists as well as the English are put down by Jonathan suggesting that they are the cause to all their problems. His satire in turn becomes oblique and direct as he mentions that he could foretell a country which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it. His allusion to England and its people also directly assaults the English misuse of Ireland. The workers and those who have nothing are very well left with delusive as England holds all supremacy over the country and its land.Jonathan points out at one point that on that point have been multiple sayings and solutions for the rampant condition of Ireland however, none have been taken into account and no work on has been taken. He points out the number of ill people and those who cannot fend for themselves. His proposal comes into turn to annihilate the problems and do by those who have been treated with indifference and neglect with compassion and aid.A Modest Proposal an absolutely usurious yet imaginative proposal is one of the worlds finest pieces of satire and use of parody, sarcastic humour and absolutely inglorious mentions, is a text which is an eye opener to many. The hidden message under all the blood and vertebral column convey the action is that we must do what we can do while we have the opportunity. Do not wait on the side and let everything pass by. Those that are unable to do anything can extend and those that work, beg or slave away of the street can be the beginning of a new-fashioned age. A Modest Proposal deemed a masterpiece and as stunning example of the satirists art.

Comparing The Kite Runner and Angelas Ashes Essay Example for Free

Comparing The increase Runner and Angelas Ashes EssayDepression cause a down fall on a persons emotion. This is easy to understand in the novels Angelas Ashes and The Kite Runner. In these two stories a person will encounter with the feelings of abandonment and death.In the kite runner Amir was depressed that he and baba had to leave Kabul. He was wondering if he was release to halt his homeland along the line. He mentioned, I only knew the memory lived in me a perfectly encapsulated collation of a good past a brush stroke of color on the gray, barren prove that our life had become The Russians invaded Afghanistan so baba and Amir had to leave to find safety. It was very hard for them to leave their homeland and go to Africa. They had to leave all their belongings and life behind n starting fresh in a different country.In Angelas Ashes Angelas family McCourts they saw they were living in pitiful conditions .Angelas mother sent money so they al could board a ship to Irel and and start new and leave America behind. They left Brooklyn behind for nothing because when they got to Ireland the living conditions stayed the same. Malachy spends all of his money at the bars and he always shows u to work drunk. Now there are no to a greater extent jobs in Ireland so he has to abandon his family and go to England to get a job there.Amir from The Kite Runner went back to Afghanistan to visit Rahim Khan because he was very sick. While he was telling him or so his family he asked about Hassan so Rahim had to tell him the he got murdered by Taliban. Amir had lots of things going threw his head. He regrets not being in touch with him band for not sticking up h imp years ago. Baba became sick with cancer and he dint want any treatment, he wisent scared to die he knew he lived his life with many accomplishments. Amir father also died right away he had no one to get help from when he need guidance.There were many deaths in Angelas Ashes. When Margret was born Malach y was able to bring food home. It was his only daughter and he was very happy, entirely when she died everything turned to the worst. Later Oliver one of the twins died. They dialed with many deaths in their family but every time it was harder, Olivers death caused falling off in the family.The Kite Runner and Angelas ashes have related themes, the theme of depression stands out, threw the loss of their loved ones, and abandoning their home land these two novels show different events that took in different part of the world that made people depressed.

Declining Portable Water Essay Example for Free

Declining Portable Water EssayWater of life. This is a illustrious Christianity word that reflects how important piss system is to our life. As we know, most drinkable piss comes from the river, thus making river the briny sources of potable water. However global warming is getting more and more serious nowadays create a global rise in temperature and melt the ices at mountains peak. In the arrest Pillar of Sand by Sandra Postel, Postel says that major Asias rivers like Ganges, Indus and Yellow river depends on the snowpack mountains for their flow. Despite that, the rises in temperature has causes the snow to melt faster and an increase in rainfall, drying up the river especially during dry season. Even the notable Andes, Rockies and Alps rivers is said to soon face this problem which mean there result be a worldwide water shortage should these rivers dry up. Therefore, this essay will talk about what will chance when there is a decline in potable water. Global water pollution caused by cloaca and animal waste has resulted in overdose of nutrients and sediments in rivers, lakes and sea.(Tasha Eichenseher, March 2010)This causes eutrophication which is a situation where algae fruit increases resulted in lack of oxygen in the river. That eventually decreases the values of the rivers, lakes and esturaries for recreation, fishing, hunting and aesthetic enjoyment. In attachment to that, health problems can occur where eutrophic condition interferes with drinking water treatment. To sum it up, water pollution caused by sewage and animal waste is the root of the decline in drinkable water as it pollutes the rivers and overly the treated water. In addition to the above, polluted water is also said to be the causes of diseases. According to the demesne Health Organization, up to half of humanity has one of the six main diseases diarrhea, schistosomiasis, trachoma, infestation with ascaris, guinea worm, or hookworm at any time because of poor drinki ng water and inadequate sanitation. This shows that lack of in force(p) drinking water, as water are polluted, can causes various dangerous spreadable diseases which can endangered our life.For example, it is predicted by Amin Zakaria in his column in The Star on July 9, 2008, that in 2009, diarrhea death toll will be like four jumbo jets of children crashing every day. Therefore, it is not exaggerating to say that human waste is the last weapon of mass destruction as lack of adequate sanitation in usable water for more than a third of the Earths population is one of the biggest scandals in the last 50 years. This lack of clean water situation is further worsen when there is a decline in clean water. According to Tan Ee-Beng on 2008 in the Environmental Health Perspectives, of a population of well-nigh 6.1 billion, more than 1 billion lack access to potable water. His statement is further proven when a report from UNESCO on 2009 says that bring upa currently has less than an esti mated 49 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources when in the decades before 2000, this country owns an average of about 66 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources.In conclusion, knowing that there is a decline in clean water, the best way is to storm this issue soonest possible. Government should also urges the public to save water by increasing the water bill after the usual 50 liters usage. In addition to that, government should also increase the electrical condenser of the water reservoir in the country. For example the current Selangor water issue between Peter Chin and Selangor state Government should be resolve soonest possible so that Langat 2 can be built and provide water for people of Selangor till 2025. We as citizen should also play a carve up by not wasting these precious water as to lessen the need to treat the water to be use again.

Holy Shrines in Khairpur Essay Example for Free

Holy Shrines in Khairpur EssayHoly Shrines in Khairpur Posted on January 11, 2012 pic Khairpur is the twelfth part largest city in the province of Sindh in southeast Pakistan. It was founded in 1783 by Mir Sohrab Khan, who established the Khairpur branch of the Talpur clan.Khairpur Sindh is cognize as the Gateway of Islam, Baab ul Islam, Muhammad Bin Qasims conquest of Sindh laid the Foundation of Islam in the sub genuine as Sindhs remark suggests the Gateway of Islam, many religious saints and Sufis were from Sindh and are laid there, Devotees from every(prenominal) over Pakistan and the Subcontinent visit these Shrines each year, following are some different famous shrines in other parts of Sindh, houses the Shrine of Sachal Sarmast (17391829) who was a Sufi poet from Sindh during the Kalhora era. He was born in daraza near Ranipur, Sindh. His real lay down was Abdul Wahab and Sachal was his nickname. picKhairpur has very important Historical significance there are many historical places like Faiz Mahal, Bali House, Lal Bungalow, Shesh Mahal at Kot Diji. Besides these historical places, there are some of the world famous archaeological sites in the district of Khairpur. One such site is the site of Kot Diji and opposite to it is the giant citadel at the top of the heap beside National Highway.Khairpur district is divided into eight Tehsils. Khairpur Nara Kot Diji Sobho Dero Kingri Faiz Ganj Gambat Mirwah picKhairpur is famous for harvesting Dates as well, these Dates are distributed throughout Pakistan, Khairpur has a hot weather, fruits harvested here are usually juicy, sweet and supple because of khairpurs hot weather and no humidity, the hot weather of Khairpur is suitable for the harvesting of cash crops like wheat and cotton, Khairour is irrigated through river Indus.Shrine of Sachal Sarmast pic The celebrated Sufi poet from the Kalhora era Sachal Sarmast was born in Daraza, Sindh near Ranipur, Sachal Sarmast meant truthful and myst ic in Sindhi, His real name was Abdul Wahab, He is regarded as poet of seven languages (shair-e-haft zaban),Sachal Sarmast was famous for his poetical works in Arabic, Sindhi, Saraiki, Punjabi, Urdu, Persian and Balochi to address the wider auditory modality in these languages.He spread the message of love for humanity through poetry. Sachal Sarmasts poems are sung by local singers in Sindhi and Urdu, His Shrine is in Daraza near Ranipur that is visited by thousands of Devotees from the whole Pakistan and different parts of the Sub-continent as well.

Video Games and Art Essay Example for Free

picture show Games and Art EssayNo word picture gamer now living will die long enough to learn the medium as an artistic employment spend a penny No mavin in or tabu of the field has ever been able to cite a game worthy of comparison with the great poets, filmmakers, novelists and poets, composers, painters and so on They will non evolve.. These atomic number 18 the arguments emphasized in Rogert Eberts article about photo games which for me, are striking and disturbing. Appreciation of the video games as art depends on ones stimulate definition of what is art. Ebert said that the most articulate definition of art he has found is stated in Wikepedia. It goes, Art is the process of deliberately arranging elements in a panache that appeals to the senses or emotions. Plato, on the other(a) hand, spoke that art should be defined as the imitation of nature. Roger Ebert, however, defined art as invention of one artist. This exclusively implies that one interprets a ce rtain medium or form depending on his/her avow criteria and framework.Ebert is able to consider video games as not art because his own definition of art does not match with how video games are created, executed and manipulated. In Eberts article, he cited Wikepedia saying that games are apparent from work. Games are much concerned with the expression of ideas and its key components are goals, rules, challenge, and interaction. He even mentioned and singled out the divergency between art and games. Adding more to the description of games, he further cited that games have to be won. Games have rules, objectives and an out travel along. Meanwhile, he uttered that art in the forms of story, novel, stand for, dance and film cannot involve the aspect of winning. You cannot win. Rather, you can only experience them. Thats the point. Ebert tried to see both aspects in their physicality or form, not in the way they are able to affect their audience, not really in a way how audiences exp erience them. flick Games are indeed artI cant help but be amaze on how Michael common sunflower argued that video games can be or indeed art. His points were rich batch of supporting facts, elaborate and insights that can really convince its readers. To him, a video game is not a meaningless form of mindless entertainment. He made it clear. tv games should be considered art.He pointed out how video games evolved through time. Video games started as monotone blocks or blips on Cathode Ray Tubes until it evolved into more advanced and complicated features. Before, video games were only created to facilitate competition but today, they are creatively made to give entertainment, pleasure and ofcourse, profit. Thanks to the bounciness to advanced technology that made way to its innovations and developments.I would love to exemplify Super Mario, as the front ever video game to incorporate a fairy tale story. This is what Michael Mirasol is saying. on that point is internalization of the narrative, setting and characterization. Hence, audiences or games engage themselves to the game in a more intimate and exciting manner. There is emotional investment. This is the reason why video gamers amount hooked to this change of game.I would just manage to quote what British author, journalist and critic, Steven Poole wrote, A beautifully tendencyed videogame invokes wonder as the fine arts do, only in a uniquely kinetic way. Because the videogame must move, it cannot offer the lapidary balance of newspaper that we value in painting on the other hand, because it can move, it is a way to experience architecture, and more than that to create it, in a way which photographs or drawings can never compete. If architecture is frozen music, because a videogame is liquid architectureVideogame is not merely a game. It is a medium, just like art. It set abouts ad hoc message and it forms an interaction with the gamer. The video games goals and the video gamers response complement individually other.Michael Mirasol said that games are evaluated according to their components instead of the experience the video gamer is able to get from performing. Exactly.Video Game is a kind of modern artI would just like to get the idea, Mirasol cited from wikepedia. Games are more concerned with the expression of ideas and its key components aregoals, rules, challenge, and interaction. An art is no doubt, an expression of ones thoughts, dreams or emotions. To me, an art is the freedom to express oneself through different forms and processes. An art indeed has goal. It is to convey message and meaning. It is to manifest talent and skill. It is to entertain, to inform, to liberate, to propagate, to persuade. Meanwhile, an art may create its own rule, depending on the creator. In legal injury of challenge, it is left in the hands of the reader whether he or she acccepts the challenge of going deeper into the meaning the art form conveys. Lastly, the interaction al ways takes place between the artform and the reader once the art is read and seen. The production of meaning is automatic. However, we cannot only leave the comparison by only comparing the similarity or differences of the twain aspects in their components and aesthetic. Just like what I said, leave it to the experience or the overall impact the two bring.I am not really a video gamer but because of my brothers who are fond of vie video games, I also engaged myself not miss the fun and excitement. I used to play playsations with them in my elementary days. We have collections of video DVDs that contain a variety of games. There were sports, combats and alike. I remember playing Pacman, Street Fighter, Tennis, Car race, Lilo and Stitch, Resident Evil and many more. During those days, playstations were really hit. Our neighbors, playmates and cousins come over to our stomach everyday and play with us whole day. I only enjoyed playing video games whenever I contend with them. The re, I found satisfaction. When I win the game, I almost jump in joy. When I lose, it was an intermediate thing because my brothers were the masters of the video games. Then the computer came in. I was hooked with playing simcity where I stimulate my own city, own houses and businesses and manage them.That was fantastic. I get to become the mayor of a city, virtually. And there are more decoration games, cooking games, fashion games that developed, really, my artistic and creative side. It was always a fulfillment to be able to make my own design or what I would consider, my artwork. I was even hooked to playing dress up games and cityville in computer. I really love those games. It does not matter to me whether someone says that video games cannot be art. That someone is only a small portion of the population which believes that video games are super art. Even I,do not really eye on the label. What important to me is the feeling and the reward I get from valuingvideo games as sig nificant part of my life and as significant component of a rich culture.Nowadays, video games are no longer merely games. They mean some more else. I stop to the study about video gamers that Maam Eloi once mentioned. Video gamers are indeed people who can be considered wise because they know and develop strategies as the game progresses. They are able to design tactics and win battles. They are able to master their skills and sharpens their minds. They are able to squeez their creative and critical juices and come up with outputs in the end.They also get to socialize while playing the games. Thanks to the technology for the find in video games and for the convenient and more pleasurable way of playing them. More and more graphic ideas are coming up and I will not wonder if someday, a different kind of video game is existing. Consequently, perspectives on video games will eventually change. I am certain that the growing of video games is continuing. Someday, the mass audience wi ll consider it an art or yet, something different and something more important than labeling it as art.

Prenatal Development Essay Example for Free

Prenatal Development EssayPregnancy occurs when an egg is fertilized by a sperm, and the egg grows deep down a womans uterus besides c eithered a womans womb, and will develop into a deflower. In humans, this process takes active 264 days, but the obstetrician will date from the last menstrual period or 280 days which is 40 weeks. There are a number of things that must fall into place in the right order to become pregnant and acquit a baffle. The creation of a human world requires the right environment, the right timing, the right factors, and a great deal of luck. The term intra-uterine pregnancy is used to come across when a fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus and an embryo grows. The length of time of a pregnancy is divided into tercet sections called trimesters or stages, which is rough three months each. Each trimester has particular events and developmental markers. The graduation exercise trimester or builds the foundation of the different reed organ sy stems. The first trimester or stage is the germinal period or the zygotic period. It is the first twain weeks of prenatal development. Near the end of the two weeks the single-celled a zygot, developes into a thump of cells called the embryo.The second stage or trimester is called the embryonic period, which is week three through week eight. In the first month the embryo is usually 1/8th of an inch or . 275 cm long. I weighs about 3 grams. A yolk sac has al empathizey formed at this stage. Organs and major systems in spite of appearance the body of the embryo forms during this period. The embryos lifeline is the umbilical cord, which provide the embryo nourishment, oxygen, and water from the mother. The umbilical cord also carries away waste. The placenta is also developed, protecting the embryo, by keeping the mothers breed from mingling with the developing embryo.It also protects the embryo by preventing harmful substances in the mothers ancestry from reaching the embryo, su ch as teratogens. Teratogens are harmful substances that can cause giving birth defects. By three weeks the babys brain cells have started to form, creating a sheet of neural cells that curls and forms a neural pipe lined with stem cells. At the top of the neural tube forms a bulge which later consists of the back(prenominal) brain, mid brain, and fore brain. When the neural tube expands, it creates ventricals and the core of the brain.Ventricals that are filled with ceobraspinal fluid cushions the brain and also provides nutrients to the brain and spinal cord. In the second month, It is about an inch or 2. 5 cm long. It is 8. 7 grams heavy. The head, tail and the umbilical cord are formed and the sex glands are determined. The limbs, toes, fingers, the skeleton and b wiz cells have also been formed at this stage. A distinctively human appearance develops. Facial features, the main organ systems also take shape. By the end of the eighth week, the structures of the brain, heart, liv er, limbs, ears, nose and eyes evolve.This is a most tiny period of development. Harmful medications, drugs and alcohol may disturb the processes of development and cause defects or snags in the embryo. The fetal period or trimester is the third month to actual birth of the baby. At this stage the baby is called the foetus with distinctively human features. At the end of the third month the baby can move its arms, legs, oral cavity and head, although at this moment of time, the movements are uncoordinated and cannot be felt by the mother. The fetus is now one to three inches long and weighs roughly an ounce. The baby can also start using reflexive responses .During the poop month the mother can feel quickening, which is the baby moving inside the uterus. At five months all brain cells of the baby for birth are developed. During this period the baby has sleep and wake cycles. In the one-sixth month the fetuss brain activity is similar to that of a newborn baby. The final two month s the fetus usually doubles in weight. The fetus will usually add on about three to four pounds of body fat. This additional body fat will help the newborn baby adjust to different temperatures outside the womb. The closer to birth, the fetuss growth slows and the actions of the body systems become much regular.At about forty weeks or 280 days, the fetus is ready to emerge in the world. At birth a babys brain is only one forth the size of an adults brain. The brain will weight at birth less than a pound. After a baby is born the neurons grow in size and continue to develop. A newborn enters the world with a part of physical and sensory capabilities. In the beginning right at birth a babys behavior is mostly reflex moves that are to enable his survival in the new world. In conclusion, a baby is a rattling precious and wonder gift that some women are blessed with. It is very mportant for a new expectant mother to understand the stages of pregnancy. A new mother should research and read all that she can read to gain association of what is going to happen in the months to come. The more knowledge a new mother has is very beneficial for her well being and also to interact with her physician about symptoms and problems if any arise.

Developmental Paper Essay Example for Free

Develop workforcetal Paper quizbstractThe basis of this paper will outline the cognitive and personality development of a young pornographic female, identified as Caroline. This will be in contrast and comparison to Eriksons Epigenetic Theory of temperament Development is Intimacy vs. closing off and Piagets Theory of cognitive development. The paper will address what outdoor(a) factors influence the developing as well as nursing interventions that will help Caroline obtained optimal functioning for each seize developmental level according to Erikson and Piaget. Keywords developmental, Erikson, Piaget, personality, cognitive, occasion, isolation, formal operationsThe Developmental levelFor the purpose of this paper, I will identify the person I am outlining as Caroline. Caroline is a young adult. The developmental level during this introduce of Eriksons Epigenetic Theory of Personality Development is Intimacy vs. Isolation the virtue being love. A normal adult in this stage will know a muscular sensation of self and be able to form intimate, close relationships with some other individuals. Success in this stage will lead to strong committed relationships (Cherry). Erikson believed that a person moldiness success to the full end up one and only(a) stage in separate to complete the next. According to Piagets Theory of Cognitive development, Caroline is in the formal operations period. A normal young adult in this stage would perspicuous adult like thinking, is not limited by own perception or concrete references for ideas, combines various ideas into concepts, develops morality or restraint and cooperation in behavior, uses rules to structure interactions in a socially acceptable way, solves problems mentally and considers alternatives onward acting, relates concepts or constructs not exhibitily evident in external world, increases intellectual ability to embarrass art, science, humanities,religion, and philosophy, and is increasingly l ess egocentric.Caroline is in her early adult hood years. A tremendous metre for self-discovery, independence, and in some cases, loneliness. Carolines personality and cognitive development have blossomed in ship displaceal and have been hindered in others. This is due to many factors biological, social, genetic, situational. The list goes on. One thing is certain, there is always a honourable reason why individuals do the thing they do. If we as people look beyond others actions and quite look at what causes their actions to manifest, I believe we would be much more(prenominal) accepting and less judgmental as a tout ensemble. Throughout this paper I will be discussing ways Caroline compares and contrasts to Piaget and Eriksons theories, how this impacts her development, and nursing interventions that could help her by means of these stages. Compare and contrastAfter careful observation of Caroline, it does not launch evident that she has developed a authorized sense of se lf to be able to complete the stage of intimacy with another individual. Even with platonic friendships it seems that when her and an individual start to become close on more of a spiritual and emotional level, she retreats to isolation because she feels that she cannot trust herself or others. According to Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development, I see that Caroline is mastering the formal operations period to a certain degree. In many ways Caroline would be a poster child for what an example of someone in the formal operations period would think like, and in other aspects of the period, she does not show to be direct in this period what so ever. Three examples of how Caroline compares to these levels would include the following 1. When it comes to romantic relationships, Caroline strives for a deep emotional and physical connection with another human being.However, deep down she is unable to fully commit to another because she doesnt have a clear understanding of who she is. Subc onsciously, she gravitates towards men that are not emotionally available. This includes anyone who is in a relationship, is loss to move away, or is obviously not interested in giving her a committed relationship. She wants the commitment, however she is used to men in her life not being available so she is drawn towards that because that is what she is used to. At the end of the day, this leaves Caroline frustrated and isolated. Thecrisis between intimacy and isolation, according to Erikson, is clear in Carolines life. 2. Caroline is extremely cognitively driven, artistic with her words, and philosophical and spiritual with her beliefs. She looks beyond the world that is seen and challenges her way of thinking with the unseen world. She finds happiness through her writings and connections through spiritual conversation. This side of her is a small glimpse of her essence and what her cozy being craves to be emotionally, artistically, and spiritually stimulated. This very much so aligns with Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development. 3. A contrast to the Formal operations period is that she does not seem to solve problems mentally and considering alternatives before acting. Caroline bases a lot of her talking to on impulsivity and is emotionally driven when making decisions.Caroline is a feel good kind of gal, and if it feels good in the moment, she will grab it. If it does not feel good, she will alter whatever her situation is to exonerate herself feel good, no matter how bad or good the outcome will leave her. This contrasts with the norm because someone who is successfully mastering this stage would weigh the outcomes before acting, consider the outcomes, and go towards which action would break off benefit their being as a full-page. Even though Caroline knows something is hurting her, she will shroud to repeat this action, hoping for a different outcome. This is mainly in regards to abusive relationships, but can be use to the work place and friends hips with other females. What Impacts DevelopmentThree factors that have or are currently modify Carolines stage of development 1. As I mentioned previously, it is vital for Caroline to develop and true sense of self before she can successfully build intimacy with other individuals. Caroline feels whole with her writings, and spending time with people who truly love her, but she has not fully embraced her inside being. From observation, Caroline has a very low self-esteem. She strives to please others. When others are rejoicing with her, she is pleased with herself. When others are no pleased with her, she will do what she can to reverse that opinion. She seeks to please others before pleasing herself and that is a clear offspring of not having a concrete, strong sense of self. 2. Caroline is far away from her family, which live several states away. She stayed in the state she resides because of a romanticrelationship. This romantic relationship has ended. For Caroline, she does not have a firm sense of belonging at her current location.Being away from loved ones and not having a steady partner in crime can cause an individual to feel isolated and lonely. 3. I am not sure but what Carolines relationship with her father is or was like, but I would imagine it to be one of low emotional or spiritual connection. Her dad was most likely not a aeonian in her life and not available to her as a girl in was that she leaded, but was not aware of. There is always a good reason why people do the things they do and I would not be taken a back if Caroline was this way with other men in her life because normal to her is not available. Her body, spirit, and mind is used to inconsistency and has developed patterns deep down itself to be drawn to these inconsistencies and behaviors. It has also been shown that engaging in sexual activates with a partner before the proper time, in particular before monogamy, can cause much inner turmoil and depression. Sexual activity must be performed in the right context in order for it to be beneficial for the human being. (Carter) Nursing interventions1. in the beginning talking to Caroline, if she were my patient and I the nurse, I would first need to pass judgment her physical and mental status. She would need to be fully alert and oriented in order to proceed with the nursing process. I would assess her level of consciousness and willingness to cooperate. I would need to assess her support system, whether it be family, friends, or coworkers. A strong support system is vital to growth and development in any stage of life. 2. In order for Caroline to be eager to listen to what have to offer and cooperate with enhancing her inner self, there would have to be established trust. I would do this by sharing intimate parts of my life and move the foundation of a healthy, trustworthy relationship. There will be little to no willingness to exchange in such personal matters until trust between us is established. I t will also make her much for at rest to share intimate details of her life with me. 3. I would provide Caroline with therapeutic communication. This would include appropriate touch as much as she is comfortable with, paraphrasing, asking open ended questions that encourage communication, maintaining sum contact when appropriate, and not pushing situations when she does not feel at ease.These actions will hopefully cause Caroline to feel more comfortable to share thoughts,feelings, and encouragement to implement action to better her inner self. 4. In order to master the stage of isolation, Caroline needs to be confident in herself and cater to her inner self. She needs to participate in activities that benefit her in a healthy way and bring ameliorate to where she feels broken. I would encourage her to write in her journal for at least thirty min before she goes to bed. 5. I would encourage her to do simple things to increase healthy living. This would include waking up early, go ing to bed at a decent hour, getting adequate exercise, eating a diet utmost in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, and drinking plenty of water. I would encourage her to avoid alcohol and any other mind altering substances that cause her behavior to be irrational. Addressing the underlying cause of irrational behavior can be much more effective then addressing the irrational behavior as itself. 6. Because Caroline reaches for wholeness in sources that leave her feeling empty, I would ask Caroline to put herself first when she is seeking management from empty sources. I would have her sit with herself and her emotions and work through them without desperately reaching out to things that cannot sue her.In order to be happy with someone else, it is vital that she become happy with herself. 7. Caroline loves to read and with this passion for books I would strongly suggest investing in self-help books that will mentally stimulate her to mental synthesis a strong, happy inner self . There are so many self-help books that caters to every type of inner self difficulty and roads to self-discovery. Sometimes simply finding a book that speaks directly to your soul can bring some of the most healing and freedom. If Caroline were to follow these nursing interventions and invest whole heartedly to developing a strong inner being, I believe she would begin to see amazing results within a weeks time. Of course it would be a journey. Self-reflection is not always easy and can be hard, but in the end it is extremely rewarding. Coming face to face with our inner demons and conquering them is one of the beat out things you can do for yourself, future partner, and future children. In order to have healthy relationship you must be a healthy person and if Caroline wants to be healthy, she will be.ReferencesCherry, Kendra. Intimacy Versus Isolation degree Six of PsychosocialDevelopment. About.com Psychology. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. Carter, Don. Intimacy Skills and Huma n Development Stages. Intimacy Skills and Human Development Stages. meshwork of the Mind, n.d. Web. 03 June 2014.

U.S. Health Care System Essay Example for Free

U.S. Health C are arranging EssayHealth cover arranging in the united States is on an unsustainable way and in need of transmuteation. Even if, it has both private and public insurers exchangeable in other countries moreover the uniqueness of this system is dominant of the private component. The United States spends more on wellness sustentation than any other nation but the nation is less healthy than the clean population in other expanded countries. Additionally, many good deal stay uninsured and do non produce access to health manage. There is a need for a turbid change in the system of health lot (Chua, 2006).This paper entrust identify and evaluate three big businessmans that create abnormal the ontogenesis of the health care system in the United States of America. Than, it will speculate whether or non these forces will stay to refer the health care system in the U.S. over the next tenner including additional force impacting the health care system of the nation. Finally, it will evaluate the importance of engine room in health care.Three Forces That Have Affected the Development of the Health Care System in the United States of America.The development of health care system in the U.S. has been affected by many different forces much(prenominal) social, preservation, behavioral, political and technological issues. A very important factor affecting health care system is economy. The economy aspect in health care includes employment, health care cover and approachs that book people to take aim financial access to healthcare. In such an unstable economy as we receive confront recently whatever employers drop or restrict reporting or prevent eligibility of its employees to continue coverage. Even more, they have a tendency to reduce costs of health care insurance by readjusting the benefits offered or sharing in the cost.Those with low income or those who lost their jobs are left uninsured. Moreover, employer-sponsored he althcare coverage has changed and some employees are no longish offering health care insurance coverage as a benefit. This will continue to be an issue in the health care system if the economy remains in recession (Ameri brush aside checkup sleeper, 2005). In March 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was sign and supposed to outgrowth quality and affordability of health insurance while reducing costs of health care for individuals and organisation but still is difficult to estimate if this act is going to bring real changes in health care field (Cembranelli, 2012).Another force affecting health care system in America is a social factor that interacts with the economy. The size and composition of population has a great cast on health services. Since the rate of births is higher than the tot up of deaths the population has grown remarkably. Also, the constantly increasing number of immigrants affects the current population of the country. According to the data from by the censu s bureau, the aging population is healthier and lives womb-to-tomb then previous generations.Their way of live is more beneficial to health they have more spry lifestyles, social activities and cosmetic care fors. Such tendency impacts the health care system. The biomedical advances enhance longevity that leads to longer periods of economic and social dependency, while improving the quality of life. The aging population intensifies a burden on the younger workers andwill result to impact social policies, taxes, politics and life in general. In the aforesaid(prenominal) way, fertility, abortion trends, mortality trends affecting life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality impact the development of health care (Wiliams Torrens, 2010).Additional aspects influencing the development of health care systems in the U.S are behavioral factors. Many advances have been made in the field of disease preventions, treatments and lifestyle patterns. The rise of the AIDS woke up individuals to the fact that infectious diseases are still challenging. Controlling infectious disease has become a significant public health issue and is associated with an improvement in living conditions. Challenges in mortality are currently focused on chronic diseases and awareness to fight new outbreaks of infectious diseases play a major part. Threats of biological weapons in war terror, exposure to violence, vehicular accidents, and use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco products as well as infectious agents have an impact on behavior.Sexual behaviors have an impact on the widespread of sexually transmitted diseases resulting an increase in infertility, cancer and other complications. Moreover, intensified stress in daily life, workplace violence, issues in marriage, internal abuse and many other problems brings breakdowns and deterioration of human immune system and affects morbidity and mortality that are linked to behavior and social interaction. The stroke of the society to address so cial, behavioral and economics causes of disease will continue to affect the development of the healthcare system (Williams Torrens, 2010).How the Forces Will Affect the Health Care System in the United States of America Over the Next Decade, Including Additional Force-Medical Technology.All of the forces that affect the health care in the U.S. will continue over the next decade especially that there is a failure in addressing them. There is a chance that situation may even worsen and new challenges can arise. Even if, improvements of technology constantly increase efficiency, the cost of new tests and treatments will be greater than the savings based on mentioned previously economic, social and behavior factors. Health care will keep acquiring better in diagnosis and treating diseases lengthening patientslives and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time increasing the number of people requiring care (Adams, Archbold, Munib, New, 2007).The U.S. health care system is dysfunctional and c an no longer continue as it currently operates. With or without Affordable Care Act (ACA), there is a need for a deep change. The United States spends more money on health care because a nation is less healthy on the average than the rest of the developed instauration. The system is dysfunctional and ACA is fast-tracking the process of changes that will be faced by the economic and business challenges by health care organizations. The required adjustments to healthcare organizations operating budgets and methodologies for delivering medicine may become a big issue.Health care organizations will have to go from volume-based reimbursement in medicine based on the number of procedures done or patients seen to a value-based system that will leave behind the same money for every patient regardless of the procedure performed. Health care organizations may have lower income since they will treat more patients. They may face cost-pressure factors such as the overall cost of medical care a nd the increased incidence of chronic disease, cost transparency and reference pricing, increased governing body role in paying for care, increased coverage and limited highly skilled medical manpower There is a prediction that forty million more people will be cover nationally, at reimbursement rates below the cost of providing that care (Adams et al., 2007).Among the economic, social and behavioral forces impacting development of the health care system is medical technology that brings a great change in the health care but it raises costs of health care. It impacts economy, organizations, industry as well as patients, insurance beneficiaries and social and governmental policy. Medical technology increases cost in health care on one hand but on the other hand improves diagnosing and treatment. Use of current medical technology allows health care organizations to develop new products and services and this way increase standards of offered services. As new technologies are develope d, they bring new estimable and regulatory issues. Issues in technological advances will bring more challenges and affect the development of the health care services bringingit into the new century (Etheredge, Jones, Lewin, 1996).The Importance of Technology in Health Care.Technology straightaway plays an important role in health care because it improves quality of care. According to Williams and Torrens (2010), technology is the driving force of health care. It helps in the storing and organization of patient records or information and gives access to doctors to medical records. Use of technology in health care allows better and faster diagnosis and treatments. The technology is very beneficial in overcoming communication barriers in health care. It has an impact in so many areas in the healthcare world such as economic, clinical, organization, and industrial impact as well as on patients and insurance beneficiaries, social, government and policy impact. It is a hope for a long, productive life for millions of people but it has to be justly implemented by trained individuals.Health care organizations must ensure that they hire the proper staff capable to implement it while providing security and protection of patients data. Proper implementation of technology allows capturing, track, record and recognizing illnesses readily and treating them effectively. Technology lets people and communities to stay healthy by providing them access whenever it is needed. Moreover, it brings opportunities to wellness and will also be used to stabilize physiology, modify risky behaviors, design and field snap clinical trials advancing biomedical knowledge and care for individuals with health care challenges. Despite of all benefits that technology brings to health care, today some express a concern that innovation is being stifled, capital is unavailable for technology acquisition, and reimbursement is inadequate (Graham, Estrin, Horvitz, Kohane, Mynatt, 2011). final re sultHealth care system in the United States is struggling with high cost while laborious to improve quality and increasing access for the health services. There are social, economy, behavioral, political and technological factors that affect development in health care system in the country. An importantrole in this development plays technology that improves quality and efficiency of diagnosis and treatment on one hand but on the other hand increases significantly costs of health care. There is a deep need to transform the health care system by improving the experience of care and the health of populations at the same time reducing costs of health care.REFERENCESAdams, J., Archbold, B. L., Munib, E. L., New, D. (2007). _Healthcare 2015 and U.S. health plan. New roles, new competencies_. Retrieved January 21, 2014, from http//www.healthleadersmedia.comAmerican Medical Association (2005). Socioeconomic Status in Health Reaserch. _The Journal of the American Medical Association, 294_( 22), . inside10.1001/jama.294..22.2879.Cembranelli, F. (). _What are the sixer forces that affect innovation in healthcare?_ Retrieved January 20, 2014, from http//empreendersaude.comChua, K. P. (2006, February). _Overview of the U.S. Health Care System_. Retrieved January 20, 2014, from http//amsa.org/AMSA/Libraries/Committee_Docs/HealthCareasystemOvervi ew.sflb.ashxEtheredge, L., Jones, S. B., Lewin, L. (1996). What is driwving health system change? _Health Affairs, 4_, 93-104. doi10.1377/hlthaff.15.4.93Graham, S., Estrin, D., Horvitz, E., Kohane, I., Mynatt, E. (2011). _Information Technology Research Chalanges for Healthcare From Discovery to Delivery_. Retrieved n.d., from http//www.cra.org/ccc/national-priorities/healthcareWiliams, S. J., Torrens, P. R. (2010). _Introduction to Health Services_ (7ed.). Mason Cengage Learning.

Paul Rand Essay Example for Free

Paul Rand EssayPaul Rand (born Peretz Rosenbaum, August 15, 1914 November 26, 1996) was a well-known American graphic designer, best known for his corporate logo designs. He designed more posters and corporate identities, including the logos for IBM, UPS, ABC and Westinghouse.Paul Rand portrayed abstract ideas with clarity that resonated with viewers. In his work, Rand recast juvenile art as something innocuous for the average patron, and no longer a radical political manifesto. This betrothal of modernist ideas to mainstream communication shifted the work from rebellious to insightful. One of his strengths was his ability as a salesman to explain the needs his identities would hide for the corporation. Rand used the avant garde movements as inspiration for his own style. He came to appreciate a relationship between geometric form and color through the works of artists like Wassily Kandinsky, Adolphe Mouron Cassandre and Moholy Nagy as well as an understanding of boundary through the works of artists such as Paul Klee. Rand developed elements from these artists and fused them with the American Modernist Movement that grew protrude of the 1930s.Modernism was a movement that continued to change and grow as the twentieth century progressed. During Rands time, modernist art expression started to merge with American pop culture. Other designers of the time, such as Lester Beall, Saul sea bass and Bradbury Thompson embraced this exposure of design to the mainstream through advertising, logo design, poster design, book jackets, packaging, etc. Most of these artists works from the time incorporate bold color, basic geometric form, playful typography and an obvious experiment with formal decision-making. These elements are repeated in Paul Rands work but in a style that is indicatively his own.

Solar Power The trends and future of solar power generation Essay Example for Free

Solar Power The tr obliterates and future of solar former generation EssaySolar federal agency is being change magnitudely conceived as a possible choice to traditional capability sources, given the rise in costs associated with traditional energy sources. Although it had for long, been considered as super uneconomic this notion has been changing with the improvement in technologies. It should be noted here that generation of solar causality is currently highly dependent on government subsidies. These subsidies are precise essential for project solar power as an alternative to electricity from traditional fuel sources.However the cost of manufacturing and put solar power generation system has been considerably decreased during the last two decades, during which the installed capacity in any case rose phenomenally. This scenario is in stark contrast to electricity generation from traditional sources where the generation costs increase with the rise in natural gas prices . The need for more power plants to meet the increasing utilization needs, the need to cut emissions and ad prefer other pollution control measures, only keep pushing courtly electricity prices further and further.The global solar capacity is anticipated to be some(predicate) 20 to 40 times its current levels, by 2020, growing by 30 to 35% each year. The solar power generated today would correspondingly rise from 10 gigawatts to 400 gigawatts by 2020. However, despite the prospects for solar power, the solar power generation field is in its early stages such that even if the estimated capacity level reaches the said 20 to 40 times its current level, it would only account for 3 to 6% of the electricity generation readiness or 1.5 to 3% of the total output in 2020.It is now anticipated that in three to sevener years from now, unsubsidized solar power should be available to the end customer at costs compatible to electricity produced by fossil fuels or other alternatives to solar . Parts of US and Italy, Japan and Spain are pass judgment to see the equalization of solar and traditional power costs due to favorable trends and encouraging factors predominate in these regions. Currently unsubsidized solar power costs almost 36 cents per kilowatt-hour. This is expected to be some 12 cents per kilowatt-hour by 2020.The current solar technologies apply are silicon-wafer photovoltaics, deoxidize-film photovoltaics and concentrated solar thermic power. distributively of these technologies have certain advantages with regard to particular usages. Through innovations and cost cuttings, the technologies strive to be more efficient, with deepen applicability. The power conversion efficiency is the amount of electricity generated by the solar radiation corresponding to the locate of the photovoltaic cell, for a particular time period. Efficient systems are directed towards weighing less, with a small radiation collection surface, low cost transportation and ins tallation.Photovoltaic refers to the solar panels which convert solar energy to electricity. The photovoltaic material is mainly formed of pure silicon, which emit electrons when subjected to solar radiation, thereby producing an electric current. art object basic photovoltaic cells are used in calculators and wrist watches, more higher versions are used for powering water pumps, communications equipments and several other off-grid requirements. Photovoltaics are increasingly used as an additional or alternative for utility purposes already serviced by electric grid. More and more people increasingly opt for photovoltaics for several reasons like environmental, economic, emergency requirement, rising electricity costs etc.The silicon-wafer photovoltaics account for close to 90% of installed solar capacity. It is particularly used in rooftop applications associated with space restrictions. Although these are doubly efficient compared to thin-film photovoltaics, their installation is costly. The solar panels themselves are costly too, requiring larger quantities of silicon photovoltaic material compared to thin film photovoltaic solar cells. Another disadvantage is that the theoretical efficiency limit of the photovoltaic single-junction silicon wafer cell, set at 31%, has been neared by several companies already. Although the limit of 31% can be take outed by advanced techniques, these could occupy to increased production costs.The commercially produced thin-film photovoltaics have only been recently proved to reach efficiency levels of about 10%. The lower efficiency levels with respect to silicon-wafer photovoltaics is achieved by very low usage of materials, requiring only about 5% or lesser than that needed for silicon wafer photovoltaics. The manufacturing costs associated with thin-film photovoltaics is almost half that for silicon-wafer, with tremendous prospects of increasing the costing gap in the long run.Thin-film photovoltaics are more used in la rge champaign installations, flat rooftops etc. While silicon-wafer based photovoltaics are capable of providing high output even for a quarter of a decade, the longevity of thin film are uncertain. Cadmium telluride is perhaps the most prospective thin film technology that have been developed commercially. However, the toxicity levels associated with cadmium and the availability of telluride are sorry factors.The concentrated solar thermal power technology converts solar radiation to heat using reflect arrangements. These are then converted to electricity with heat conversion methods. The concentrated solar thermal power is appropriate for village requirements of 10 kilowatts as hearty as for grid applications involving several light speed megawatts (SEPA, 2008).These can be installed at the vicinity of the customers, thereby lowering transmission and distribution costs. Although these are the last(a) in terms of associated costs, they require plenty of open space and very d emanding solar conditions. The concentrated solar thermal technology mostly uses the usual components like reflectors and pipes, and therefore the prospects of costs reduction are less.The challenges confronting the progress of solar power are those that are relevant to any upcoming or emerging sector. precondition the intense competition, companies involved in manufacturing of solar power generation equipment must slash their costs by improving their manufacturing process of solar cells. The spurt in solar power activity has brought in monetary resource from venture capital and private equity firms. An amount of $3.2 billion invested in the year 2007, saw untested players in the solar power generation, who contributed to excess supply and falling prices.Early entrants like Dow Corning and Wacker as well as component developers like First Solar and SunPower saw high margins. At May end this year, the Abu-Dhabi based Masdar announced its entry in the manufacturing of thin film ph otovoltaic products. With an investment of $2 billion, the guild expects to produce the state of art thin film modules, through a three phase strategy. (Ghelfi, 2008). On the previous day to this announcement, Q-Cells, the German solar cell manufacturer, announced an investment of $3.5 billion for developing a production center in Mexico, for manufacturing thin film modules.According to First Solar Inc., a accompany involved in manufacturing of solar modules, its average manufacturing cost for solar module in 2007 was only about $1.23 per watt. The company attributed the low cost to its thin film semiconductor technology compared to crystalline silicon modules, make traditionally. The company expects to become the first solar module manufacturing company to provide non-subsidized solar electricity at retail electricity rates by 2010. A single manufactured solar module is about 2ft by 4ft, employing cadmium telluride as the absorption layer which provides high conversion efficienc y with very curt semiconductor material.From 2005, there had been an increasing demand for silicon from the solar module, solar cell and solar wafer manufacturers. overdue to the insufficient supply of crystalline silicon, the solar modules and cells manufacturers utilization rates fell. The utilization rates fell to 70% in 2005 from 86% in 2004. With the demand increasing considerably, the German cell manufacturer ErSol Solar brawniness reduced its 2007 expectations from 70 megawatts to 55 megawatts, due to fall in wafer supply.The supply shortfall led to a huge hike in silicon prices. The price of the silicon raw material shot to $45 a pound in 2007 from $20 in 2003. The higher prices in turn brought many companies into the credit line of silicon manufacturing. Silicon production rose by 14% in 2007 and is expected to rise by 43% in 2008 and by 50% in the each year 2009 and 2010. By 2010, the supply shortage and the resulting high prices would be taken care of.According to in vestment columnist Jim Jubak, rising prices of natural gases, dimmed developments and cancellations associated with nuclear and coal plants respectively, are pushing the price of solar stocks. Solar cell companies too are highly dependent on technology just as any other computer substantiation makers or cell phone one or television manufacturers. A bill seeking to extend the existing tax break for another six years have been passed by the House slipway and Means Committee. Jubak estimates that with everything looking in favor of solar power, the revenues in the solar industry are very likely to increase phenomenally (Jubak, 2008). Lux Research projects revenues to climb 27% annually, on a heighten basis through 2012. Another estimate from Clayton Securities suggests 17% annual compounded revenue growth through 2016.REFERENCESSolar Electric Power Association (2008) Solar Electricity Basics Electronic Version Downloaded on 29th June 2008 from http//www.solarelectricpower.org/index .php? page=basicsJubak J., (2008) 3 high powered solar stocks Electronic Version Downloaded on 28th June 2008 fromhttp//articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/JubaksJournal/HighPoweredSolarStocks.aspxGhelfi C. (2008) Masdar getting into thin film solar business Electronic Version Downloaded on 27th June 2008 fromhttp//media.cleantech.com/2904/masdar-getting-into-thin-film-solar-business-abu-dhabiLorenz P., Pinner D. Seitz T., The economics of solar power. The McKinsey Quarterly Electronic Version Downloaded on 27th June 2008 from http//www.mckinseyquarterly.com/my_profile.aspx