Mystery Genre Essay

In the first video segment, Smith discusses the definition of a Mystery Genre by separating the different aspects of mystery into subgenres. There are the cozies, serial killer books, suspense, and classic mysteries. Smith says that’s cozies are mysteries devoid of onstage violence and sex. For example, in a cozy the protagonist would be a cat or a British housekeeper and also the crime solver. In serial killer books, everyone dies in a very gruesome and graphic way. Classic mysteries the reader asks the question of, what just happened? While suspense thrillers the reader asks, what is going to happen next? Smith goes onto explain that suspense uses multiple points of view and that the protagonist and antagonist were on a collision course from the start and the reader already knows it. In the second video segment, Smith talks about the five elements for a mystery genre and how each of them is used to make a good story. The first element mentioned is the inclusion of high stakes; Smith says that there is a misperception of high stakes and it doesn’t have to be life or death. He says to make characters that people care about and whatever is important to that character the reader will care about it too. The next element is larger than life characters; Smith says to, â€Å"Amp it up.† If you change different aspects of a characters life then the stakes will go up immensely. High concept of character, conflict, and conclusion; by having one line that describes the plot with character, conflict, and conclusion the concept will be good. Smith says having multiple points of view lets the reader to be emotionally involved with more than one character at a time and it also allows the writer to build suspense more effectively. The setting needs to be exotic and interesting and exotic doesn’t necessarily mean a foreign country but it could be a place of business. Anywhere that will take the reader somewhere they’ve never been before.

Gender and Sex Worksheet Essay

What is gender? What is sex in biological terms? Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? Gender is a subclass within a grammatical class (as noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb) of a language that is partly arbitrary but also partly based on distinguishable characteristics (as shape, social rank, manner of existence, or sex) and that determines agreement with and selection of other words or grammatical forms (â€Å"Merriam-Webster†). Biological term for sex is one’s biological classification as male or female which is set into motion at the moment the sperm ertilizes the egg (â€Å"Intro To Sociology†, 2009). Gender and Sex in my opinion are not the same. Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women, gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? According to Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc (2013), â€Å"Culture determines gender roles and what is masculine and feminine. What does it mean to be a woman or man? Whether we are women or men is not determined just by our sex organs. Our gender includes a complex mix of beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics. How do you act, talk, and behave like a woman or man? Are you feminine or masculine, both, or neither? These are questions that help us get to the core of our gender and gender identity. † Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I do feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we look at males as the ones who are supposed to be the readwinner, the rough and tough kind of person and we look at females as the ones who are supposed to be the sweet and kind caregiver at home taking care of the house and kids and being the emotional one, when it can be the other way around. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation? Explain. Yes, I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation in many ways. We have a understanding of what each gender is and what they provide, causing us to make a decision on who we want to be with in life.

Interpersonal Communication with High School and College Students Research Paper

Interpersonal Communication with High School and College Students - Research Paper Example This notion can be called as "maintained social capital." By recognizing the role of Facebook and filling the gap of social capital, it can be stated that more use of Facebook can enhance the social capital positively (Ellison et al., 2007). A new term â€Å"friendsickness† has become common to express the feeling of loneliness resulting from the loss of past links with old classmates particularly when a student gets admission into a college after finishing school. Cummings et al. (2006) have explored the role played by internet technologies specifically on college-going students. Students maintain their interpersonal communication through the use of emails and short messaging service to remain in touch with their high school friends after they get away from their homes to join a college. Therefore, this measure of students’ interaction with their past companions especially to preserve their social capital by communicating after getting to the next stage of their studen t life by becoming collegiate provides them the opportunity to remain in touch and preserve their school-time friendships Interpersonal communication helps in creating life changing social capital, which students can now-a-days accumulate quite easy way although changes take place with the making or getting away from online links fructified through social networks. Specific changes in social networks can devalue the created social wealth with the shifting in geographical positions wherein the networks were formed, causing loss of generated social relationship wealth of students. Globalization has made people prone to shifting places, particularly in the U.S. people abandon the region for better job opportunities (Putnam, 2000)). Cummings et al. (2006) & Wellman et al. (2001) have explored the part played by internet in bringing communities nearer. Wellman et al. (2001) have researched on the role of internet in bridging the distances through emails by those who use internet increasi ngly in stead of using it as a alternative for offline communication with those living in the vicinity. The link between the use of Facebook, a famous online social network website, and the building and keeping of social capital has been explored. Other than approximating kinship and creating social worth, a new angle of social interaction gets explored that measures one's capability to remain linked with members of a past online populated community, which is named as preserved social value. Regression studies organized on outcomes from a survey of undergraduate students indicate a powerful link between use of Facebook and the three kinds of social values, with the most powerful link being to fill up the gap in social capital. Other than this, Facebook usage proved beneficial to communicate on steps of psychological well-being, indicating that it could offer higher benefits for users passing through a phase of reduced self-respect and low level of life satisfaction (Ellison et al., 2007). Currently, transition to college has become very easy with the online medium of Facebook. The present generation of college students is getting huge leverage of the computer and internet technology in comparison to past students who used to depend on

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Executive Summary - Essay Example oxical upon close analysis by paying particular attention to the growth and development of the Smit Company which specialises in a range of ship based services. A brief historical overview of the company, founded in 1842 by Fop Smit, shows that it has a history filled with many remarkable achievements which were mainly inspired by the company’s long-time slogan ‘any job, any sea’. For instance in 1896, Smit was the first company in the world to tow a ship dock overseas, from Rotterdam to Angola, even though there were no suitable ocean-going tugboats available. More recently, it raised the Japanese Vessel which had sunk in deep waters. All these achievements bear testimony that the company has a remarkable success story in its operations. However, what is paradoxical in this case is that those who were responsible for running it had very little interest in doing extensive strategic analysis in their day to day operations. It can be noted that from 1921 to 1980, the period the company was run by two members of the Smit family, first Murk Lels and then Piet Kleyn van Willigen, it witnessed steady, lucrative growth from power to power. Though these had a strong entrepreneurial streak, they did not extensively invest in strategic analyses. In their own view, business was always potentially lucrative when it promised significant sales. They were motivated by the entrepreneurial attitude of ‘get up and go’ which has been the major factor driving the growth of Smith throughout most of the 20th century, leading the company to enter many new foreign markets and new lines of business. This is contrary to the widely held belief during the contemporary times that it is important to first do a strategic analysis of the market to determine if the business would be profitable in the future. A strategic analysis would involve establishing the potential of the business. This would take into consideration the strengths and weaknesses of a new market. After the last

Australian financial accounting Speech or Presentation

Australian financial accounting - Speech or Presentation Example This can be very beneficial in the case of the businesses where the managers and the owners of the business are one and the same. b) The second hypothesis mainly deals with the debt covenant. Here the main focus is that the more the firms compromise on the debt covenants the higher the chances for the managements to use the policies and to report the future earnings as a part of the current period, mainly because the probability of the possible defaults on debts will be reduced by the high net earnings. c) The final hypothesis is where the political costs of the firms are used to adjust the costs accordingly and this is most effective companies that deal with consumer attention and other related businesses. The above mentioned hypothesis can be tested by studying real life companies. For doing so, it would be most effective to contact companies from different fields and industries. It would also be advisable to not only conduct qualitative researches with the management of these companies but also include a through on the job training with the management. Doing this will help the researcher gain access to the financial information and will also permit a high chance for a more focused approach, with a good exposure to the working of the companies as well. The researcher can also use this exposure to meet and gain as much knowledge as possible from the top management which will help understand why certain strategies are adopted within the organization and the overall impact that these might have on the financials of the company as well. Hence this will prove to be the most effective and efficient method of dealing with the financial of the companies as well as to test the hypothesis of t he positive accounting

Tate Modern Museum - Poetry & Dream Wing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tate Modern Museum - Poetry & Dream Wing - Essay Example hough the impressive ground-floor galleries are dedicated to the display of contemporary works, they read as modernist museum spaces.†2 This recognition indicates that the museum itself functions more than merely a space for hanging and featuring of art, but actively participates in the art creation process. This essay specifically examines the Tate Modern’s ‘Poetry and Dream’ wing within the context of a variety of evaluative criteria. In examining the Poetry and Dream wing, one recognizes the strong significance of the museum’s curator. Curators are accountable for the feel of Tate Modern Museum and the conceptual presentation of artworks within the wing. The architects in the wing must direct all the interpretations of the constructions they plan, not the artworks housed in them. Like every museum, they require to react and adapt to the numerous kinds of forces shaping the current world. Art museums nowadays face numerous challenges. The ideology and philosophy of the art museum nowadays consists of the implications of increased  internationalization. One considers that with the multi-varied artworks implemented in the Poetry and Dream wing reflect many of these concerns. The ‘Poetry and Dream’ gallery wing displays the exhibits thematically, rather than chronologically. Contemporary art is juxtaposed with modern. Though recently it has been re-ordered, it still retains most of the patterns in accordance with the thematic display. The present arrangements provide the viewer an idea of modern art transcending the contemporary, as different movements within art forms fill the transformation. Still, one considers Barker who argues that, â€Å"by isolating objects for purposes of aesthetic contemplation, it encourages the viewer to project on to them meanings and values that have no real basis in the objects themselves.†3 Although such ‘fetishism’ as he terms it is a danger of such analysis, this research ahs worked towards drawing tangible and

M.boivs between bafflo in canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M.boivs between bafflo in canada - Essay Example The disease described is bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis and aside from affecting cattle and humans; it can also be transmitted to other animals like goats, bison, swine, and cervids which include elks and deer. Proper disease management can only be achieve through familiarization with the means of disease transmission, diagnosis through proper identification of signs and symptoms, and employment of prevention strategies that will limit the spread of the disease. The objective of this paper is to provide basic information about the fundamentals of bovine tuberculosis for use in the formulation of disease management strategies for buffalo in Canada. Transmission of the causal organism M. bovis can take various paths. The pathogen can be spread through breathing-in of infected aerosols, by ingestion, and by passage through open wounds (CFSPH, 2009). Infected animals pass the bacteria with their feces, saliva, semen or vaginal fluid, blood, and milk. Contact with these infected bodily fluids as well as fresh carcass of dead infected animals may lead to infection because M. bovis has a relatively low infectious dose (PHAC, 2010). In the disease’s spread, it is important to be familiar with zoonosis and the role of reservoir hosts and spillover hosts. Normally, diseases have a certain genetic barrier and are confined to be infective only to members of the same or related species. But there are certain diseases that do not operate by this rule. Zoonosis is the term used to classify diseases that can naturally be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. M. bovis is usually maintained in cattle populations but zoonosis is possible for monkeys, parrots, sheep, dogs, and cats among other animals (PHAC, 2010). Humans, cattle, and diseased animal tissue are the reservoir host of the bacterium. Reservoir hosts are organisms in which vast numbers of the

Biography of Paulo Coelho Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biography of Paulo Coelho - Essay Example His first works were widely performed by Elis Regina but he received much of his artistic and commercial success on collaborations with Raul Seixas. Writings- Although Coelho had written many works in the 1970s his breakout work was The Pilgrimage in 1987. This autobiographical work outlined his spiritual journey wherein he walked the 500 mile Way of Saint James in Spain. His follow up book, the Alchamist (released in 1987) helped cement him as one of the great writers of this generation. Philosophical and spiritual views: In an interview conducted on his own blog, he identifies that although he was once an atheist and a Buddhist he has since returned to Catholicism. He identifies that he has tried everything that there is and stated that all religions have the same objective. File Sharing- Coehlo is a big proponent for file sharing technology as a means of spreading his work. He releases much of his personal work on his blog and had permitted personal translations of his works to be republished. Current life: He founded the Paulo Coelho Institute which provides financial assistance to needy people and has aided in a number of charitable causes. He lives in Rio de Janiero and occasionally in Europe. He is married to Christina Oiticica whi is a Brazilian Artist. Summary: Paulo Coelho is a Brazilian Lyracist and writer. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, and he was given a traditional Jesuit education as a young man. Because of prolonged disagreements with his mother over his future career path he subsequently spent a portion of his youth in an insane asylum. According to an interview that appeared on his blog (2007) he identified that he had been committed to an insane asylum three times for his non-conformist beliefs. Although he had a brief stint at law school he ultimately dropped out to work as a lyricist in which he received commercial and artistic notoriety working with artists such as Elis Regina and Raul Seixas. It is upon this foundation

Differences between formative and summative assessment (Just part form Assignment

Differences between formative and summative assessment (Just part form my so I dont Introducation or conclusion) - Assignment Example Summative assessments are generally obtained by giving tests but test data â€Å"cannot reflect the full range of goals of learning†. Jessup reported that the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has discovered in 2005 that summative assessments improve attendance to instructions and promote retention of learning (2007, p. 7). Citing the study of Stiggins (2004, p. 2), Jessup also reported that summative assessments benefit low-performing students and the feature can help reduce the learning gaps among minorities and peoples. Formative assessments are used to â€Å"inform instructions by providing the students with vital insights and understanding of their own learning needs and styles† (Jessup 2005, p. 6). There are several objectives associated with formative assessments. One objective pertains to the need to assess the gains from using or availing a mode of instructions or education program (Jessup 2005, p. 6). Another possible objective for f ormative assessment is associated with the need to improve the â€Å"equity of student outcomes† (Jessup 2005, p. 7). Jessup observed that not only are the schools that have employed formative assessments experienced academic gains; students who were previously underachieving or lagging behind also experienced academic (2005, p. 7). II. ... The Wilmut material focused on summative assessment but covered formative assessment as well. Further, the Wilmust assessment covered the primary as well as the high school levels in the United Kingdom. Quoting Stobart (2003), Wilmut (2005, p. 47) said that the United Kingdom Assessment Reform Group adopted a definition of formative assessment as, â€Å"the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there.† Wilmut (2005, p. 47) pointed out that in the experience of the United Kingdom, there is a strain between formative and summative assessment because when a school-based teacher assessment is to be used for summative purposes, the student-teacher relationship is strained. Citing the work of Black and William, Wilmut (2005, p. 48) said that another UK experience is that the â€Å"tension† between summative and formative assessment arises when teachers become responsible for both summative and formative assessment. Wilmut said that there has been a debate in the United Kingdom on the wisdom of combining the two roles or covering the responsibilities for formative and summative assessment by teachers. According to Wilmut (2005, p. 48), those who assert that the roles pertaining to summative and formative assessments can both be done by the same person or teacher argue that â€Å"it can be done and indeed must be done to escape the dominance of external summative testing†. Nevertheless, the dominant view is that it is best to keep the roles of summative and formative evaluations apart although a good working relationship between

Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Descartes - Essay Example His method throughout the project is to establish a radical skepticism in which he doubts everything, even his own ability to conceive of himself and the existence of the world (Newman). As he comes in Meditation III to a proof for God, he finds it necessary to argue God into existence in order to move beyond the certainty of knowledge he has established in some very simple facts, including the cogito and simple mathematics. In this brief essay, it will be shown that Descartes proves God’s existence as a means of defeating radical skepticism, and his argument for that proof will be considered for its validity and relevance to his overall project.  In order to achieve his objective of proving the knowledge is possible, Descartes dives into an ever-increasing skepticism in which he doubts even the existence of himself and his own ability to imagine the word and his place in it. As part of his method, he imagines a demonic deceiver who works to mislead him at every turn. The deceiver presents him with a challenge that almost cripples his project since the deceiver, when taken to the logical extreme, makes all but his own private thought possible to doubt. He has ideas about the world that seem certain, including his own existence and simple mathematics, but he must prove that such ideas have corresponding material realities in the world in order to prove knowledge possible. The use of demon deceiver suggests that the link between ideas and material reality may be dubious. At the end of the Second Meditation, Descartes establishes the cogito as a form of certainty that he begins to believe will suffice as the first thing that he can actually argue with certainty. He thinks, and in that ability to think, he believes he expresses something too important to be overlooked. By being able to conceive of the notion of thought, he must exist, since to think something (even if it is the act of thinking) is by definition to bring the

How Effective Are Various Methods in Reducing Recidivism Essay Example for Free

How Effective Are Various Methods in Reducing Recidivism Essay Prison, non-custodial sentences and rehabilitation seem all failed in reducing recidivism; however, there is little and limited evidence to support non-custodial sentences, as well as some people think if rehabilitation could be implemented effectively, it would work. Although the advantage of prison is keeping our society from dangerous people, when it comes to reducing recidivism rate, the effect of prison is disappointing. The public usually think that imprisonment is safer for communities; however, it appears powerless to deter inmates from committing crime again. In the article, â€Å"Study shows building prisons did not prevent repeat crimes†, Fox Butterfield (2002) cites a large-scale study of recidivism from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, which investigated up to 272,111 former prisoners in 15 states during the first three years after being released. It found that 67% of inmates broke the law again in three years right after their release in 1994. It is surprised that it does not make any difference to recidivism rate which was studied in 1960’s, and it is even 5% higher than the study done in 1983. In addition, it indicated that the more rearrest records a criminal has, the higher recidivism rate he has. The inmates who have more than 15 prior arrests have 82. 1% of recidivism rate. Nevertheless, according to Emily Kingham’s article (2006), she believes that prison forces offenders to regret and reflect on their behaviour; as for the reason that criminals cannot reject the temptation of committing new crime is because of inadequate provided support. In spite of this, some experts have admitted that prison does not work in terms of reducing recidivism rate (Considering the alternatives 1978; Finckenauer 1988). Some limited evidence has shown that non-custodial sentences may decrease recidivism; regardless of some experts being sceptical about their desired achievements. On the one hand, alternative sentences can help government save money and alleviate over-cramped number of criminals in prison (Considering the alternatives 1978). On the other hand, Kingham(2006) points out that alternative sentences do nothing but return prisoners to their original circumstances, which result in unawareness of their crimes and the onsequences. One study indicated that through one of alternative sentences, intensive probation, recidivism rate is less than 20%; however, the evidence maybe weak as the study has not been completely put into practice (Considering the alternatives 1978). Furthermore, in the Minnesota, alternative sentences have been successfully adopted to keep criminal rate not increasing, but it may not be convinced because of the source not being confirmed (Considering the alternatives 1978) . While some people argue rehabilitation is also failed in reducing recidivism rate, some authors counter that if government could support rehabilitation, recidivism rate would decrease. According to the article, â€Å"Prison†, James O. Finckenauer (1988) cites some studies, which shows that even though the government has already provided with good rehabilitation programmes, they cannot achieve reformatory of inmates. On the other hand, this position is contested by Joan Petersilis (cited in Butterfield 2002), a professor of criminology at the University of California at Irvine and an expert on parole, who says that state governments spent such little money on rehabilitation programs that inmates do not receive sufficient help with drug addition, work skill and preparation for a new life, which may lead increasing recidivism rate. Butterfield (2002) further cites the statement by Mr. Travis, who also argues that criminals return to crime.

Emergence of Religion following the Dark Ages

Emergence of Religion following the Dark Ages During the time period of 400-1000 A.D. also widely recognized as the Middle Ages (Dark Ages). The fall of the Roman Empire derived from its infestation of dishonesty, corruption, and horror. The growth of Christianity stemmed and spread like wildfire after 476 A.D. the official fall of the Roman Empire. (Henley Hergenhahn) Immediately people began to yearned and turn to Christian religious beliefs. As Christianity practice continued to be established, the claws of the church dogma did not take every longer to appear. The Christian church stood firm on the idea that religion and science could not be combined like water and oil. The church enforced their rules in a clever way and continued to build their strong foundation. Well known historical individuals in this time period are a significant key component in the continual growth of Christianity. The ministry of Jesus was a life guide for many people during this time. Individuals that seek divine intervention will be able to distinguish between right and wrong through God alone. (Miller, J. W. (2004) He brought hope to humanity and shed light on the choices that people have. Jesus to this day is known worldwide for his ministry and his influence in the Christian church. From that moment the gates of Christian belief swung wide open, and others began to experience God on a personal level. The most unexpected person in history became an essential instrument in the expansion of Christianity through his close encounter with God. Saul also known as St. Paul was a man formerly responsible for persecuting Christians, before his life transformation. His rebirth took place on the day that Gods glory was bestowed upon his life, and was privileged enough to be given a whole new name. (Simonson, P. (2003).ÂÂ   Not many well-known people have the honor to start a new beginning with a fresh new identity. From that life changing moment more than just his name changed. He could not contain himself from exalting and proclaiming the name of God. Paul became a new creation, and continued the work of many others that came before him. Eagerly and fervently he spread the Christian belief to everyone he encountered. However, it wasnt until Constantine endorsed Christianity as a religion that it became effective within the Roman Empire. He became afflicted and frightened by the size of the enemys army, but an unanticipated revelation gave him strength to pursue forward. As a result of the glorious revelation given to him a symbol was marked on their army shields. (McGrath,. (2006). It was a demonstration of hope, and a mere representation of the power of God that in the end delivered them. Constantine became convinced of the heavenly power that existed after his remarkable and triumphant win. It impacted him so much that above all other religions present at the time he chose to believe in Christianity. From that day forth a new chapter in history was created that would change science forever. Throughout history as time continued a man known as Augustine emerged into the Christian belief cycle. He emphasized and continued to help fortify the Christian belief of choosing between right and wrong (Talbert, E. L. (1938). Augustine took after the teaching of Jesus and in the same way believed that all individuals have been openhandedly given free will. As the legacy of the Christianity grew larger over time the magnitude of its power could not be ignored. People had a choice to make follow and believe the church and its practices, or face severe punishment. (Henley Hergenhahn) The church did not take kindly to members of society that expressed any degree of resistance toward there standards. Over time the church ignored the opportunity to advance and foster the growth of science. There leverage on society tarnished and prohibited any degree of criticism. (Henley Thorne (2005). For the most part of the Middle Ages (Dark Ages) science was lost and remained stagnant. In the eyes of the church science was unholy and corrupting humanity. Unknowingly, Christianity was at a loss early literature vanished during this time in areas that Church dogma prevailed. Meanwhile literature was found to flourish in the distant territory that belonged to Muslims. (Henley Thorne (2005). Muslims embraced the knowledge and creativity that led them to discover and grow as a society. Christians in the church became infuriated by the speedy advancements that the Muslims accomplished. Unable to sit back and watch the eight crusades were sent to attack the Muslims, in order to prove the supremacy of the church. (Henley Thorne (2005).ÂÂ   Regardless of Christianitys attempt to shut down the Muslims, the seed of knowledge and curiosity had already been planted. Muslims embarked on a journey filled of discoveries that were too grand to be kept under a bushel. The advancements they made instantly took off and cultivated the development of topics like: arithmetic, medicine and even science. (Hossain, K. I. (2013). Proficiency and knowledge rapidly grew in the area of the study of science. Proof of this occurring in history can be found through the accomplishments of the well-known doctor of medicine Avicenna. He is recognized as the finest medical doctor within that time period. (Heath, P. (1992). The title given to him was not an overstatement; Avicenna prepared the way for future medical innovations. He didnt simply just hold all of his knowledge to himself or believe that his title as a medical doctor was enough. Avicenna developed a sense of courage and wrote The Cannon, center around his medical findings. (Heath, P. (1992) He gave the development of science a gift that would change the world. Science becomes credible through an individuals ability to retest and arrive at the same conclusion. Ibn Al-Haytham introduced a new concept that would make ideas created to be more credible. He used the scientific method that is now widely known, and applied in research of today. (Heath, P. (1992).ÂÂ   Historical data written on Ibn Al-Haytham recognize him to be an actual scientist. All the work he did was cautiously crafted and tested in order to refrain from making unnecessary mistakes. Above all efforts on behalf of the Christian Church, the discoveries and progress made by Muslims could not be tamed. The Christian church once again got the opportunity of a lifetime to get a hold of the early literature and discoveries. However time and time again they became undeceive of how to react and implement the ideas within the church beliefs. (McGrath,. (2006). The church found the necessity to make appropriate modifications to philosophy in order to remove its un-holiness. The Churches ultimate goal was to maintain their stance that revolved around power above all other beliefs. As opposed to Muslims who had the desire and intelligence that unleashed science and criticism once again. It wasnt until Thomas Aquinas tested the Christian church that gave way for a new era to be created and soon rise up. He analyzed all angles that involved faith and science based on the concept of logic.( Hergenhahn, Henley (2014)ÂÂ   Unlike other Christians Aquinas viewed the ideas of faith and science differently. After all his investigation he came to the conclusion that science and faith have the ability to be observed independently.( Hergenhahn, Henley (2014)ÂÂ   Challenging the set church views caused turmoil, but proved that there is possibility Christianity had it wrong all along. Although Aquinas challenged the church, the meaning of faith was not diminished. The ideas of Aquinas created a critical moment in history for the Christian church. However, it took the works of William of Occam to change and end the powerful supremacy of the Christian church ( Hergenhahn, Henley (2014). William of Occam didnt discredit the work of Aquinas rather he recognized it to be accurate. The realm of precision in understanding all the different information can only originate from an individuals sensory experienceÂÂ   (Hergenhahn, Henley (2014) The idea of logic is more than just a thought process it is an essential instrument in better understanding the world. At last, science could continue to thrive outside of the parameters of the church. All of the scientific changes that occurred throughout the Middle Ages (Dark Ages) gave way from the development of psychology today. Reading about the remarkable scientific journey of history, leaves society with anticipation to see it continually grow for future generations to come. Nowadays, certain religious denominations have slightly been modified their beliefs but attempted to maintain their original faith. Regardless of all the historical turning points, its helped pave the way for us to currently have the separation of church and state. It is the possibility for an individual to be both a religious person, and a scientist that permits the growth of psychology. References McGrath, J. C. (2006). Post-traumatic growth and the origins of early Christianity. Mental Health, Religion Culture, 9(3), 291-306. doi:10.1080/13694670600615532 Hergenhahn, B. R., Henley, T. B. (2014). An introduction to the history of psychology. California: Wadsworth. Miller, J. W. (2004). Jesus: A Psychological and Historical Portrait. In J. H. Ellens, W. G. Rollins, J. H. Ellens, W. G. Rollins (Eds.) , Psychology and the Bible: A new way to read the scriptures, Vol 4, From Christ to Jesus (pp. 71-88). Westport, CT, US: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group. Bosanquet, B. (1892). Alexandrian and Greco-Roman culture to the reign of Constantine the Great. In , A history of aesthetic (pp. 77-119). New York, NY, US: Swan Sonnenschein Co. doi:10.1037/10826-005 Cook, W. S. (2012). Saint augustine and the spread of christianity. Western Journal of Black Studies, 36(3), 220-227. Retrieved from http://summit.csuci.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.summit.csuci.edu:2048/docview/1346355387?accountid=7284 Henley, T. B., Thorne, B. M. (2005). The Lost Millennium: Psychology During the Middle Ages. The Psychological Record, 55(1), 103-113. Hossain, K. I. (2013). Understanding islam in the U.S. classroom: A guide for elementary school teachers. Multicultural Education, 20(2), 49-52. Retrieved from http://summit.csuci.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.summit.csuci.edu:2048/docview/1496075832?accountid=7284 Heath, P. (1992). Allegory and Philosophy in Avicenna (Ibn Sina): With a Translation of the Book of the Prophet Muhammads Ascent to Heaven. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhz90 Mora, G. (1978). Mind-body concepts in the Middle Ages: I. The classical background and its merging with the Judeo-Christian tradition in the early Middle Ages. Journal Of The History Of The Behavioral Sciences, 14(4), 344-361. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197810)14:43.0.CO;2-H Shoemaker, L. A. (2011). BECAUSE THERE WERE SO MANY OF THEM! MINORITY STATUS IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Encounter, 72(1), 103-112. Retrieved from http://summit.csuci.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.summit.csuci.edu:2048/docview/874991128?accountid=7284 Lay, R. (2006). Educating people of faith, exploring the history of jewish and christian communities. Christian Education Journal, 3(2), 421-425. Retrieved from http://summit.csuci.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.summit.csuci.edu:2048/docview/205415537?accountid=7284 Simonson, P. (2003). Assembly, rhetoric, and widespread community: Mass communication in Paul of Tarsus. Journal Of Media And Religion, 2(3), 165-182. doi:10.1207/S15328415JMR0203_03 THE TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY. (2011). Kirkus Reviews, Lxxix(20) Retrieved from http://summit.csuci.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.summit.csuci.edu:2048/docview/913387439?a4ccountid=7284 Talbert, E. L. (1938). Saint Augustine sociologically viewed. Character Personality; A Quarterly For Psychodiagnostic Allied Studies, 763-67. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1938.tb02272.x

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay Aircrafts are capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air. Airplane is propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. There are many components of an airplane however the essential components are a wing system to sustain it during flight, tail surfaces to stabilize the wing, movable surfaces to control the attitude of the machine in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust to push the craft through the air. An enclosed body which is known as the fuselage houses the crew, passengers, and cargo, as well as the controls and instruments used by the navigator. An airplane also requires a support system when it is at rest on a surface and during takeoff and landing. Airplanes have different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose, but the modern airplanes have some features in common. They are fuselage, tail assembly and control surfaces, wing, power-plant and landing gear. In this report the prime focus is on the Prime components of the aircraft assuring structural integrity while meeting requirements for optimum operational performance of an aircraft. The empennage is also known as the tail is the rear part of the aircraft. Usually it includes the stabilizers, rudder and elevator as many other components as seen below.. It is constructed depending on the aircraft for example in fighter jets it may be constructed around the exhaust nozzle. In commercial aircrafts the empennage is built from the cabin pressure-cone and may contain the Flight Data Recorder (black box), Cockpit Voice Recorder and the pressure out-flow valve. There is another design which does not require an elevator. In this design there is a one-piece horizontal stabilizer that pivots from a central hinge point, such a design is known as a stabilator. 2. Wings: As we can see below is a wing. Wings are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that help the airplane during flight. There are great variations in the wing designs, sizes, and shapes used by the various manufacturers. Each of these specifications fulfils a certain need with respect to the performance for an airplane. Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage and are referred to as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively. The number of wings may vary. Monoplanes contain a single set of wings while those with two sets are called Biplanes. The principal structural parts of the wing are SPARS, RIBS, and STRINGERS. These are reinforced by trusses, I-beams, tubing, or other devices, including the skin. The wing ribs determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil). Attached to the rear, or trailing, edges of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-design-of-aircraft-rib-structure/aircraft-structure.html 2.1 Spars 2.1.1. Definition: The spar is the main structural member of the wing, in a fixed-wing aircraft, running span wise at right angles to the fuselage. There may be more than 1 spar or none at all. 2.1.2 Uses: Fight loads and the weight of the wings whilst on the ground is carried by spars. Spars are also used in aerofoil surfaces such as the tail plane, fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different. 2.1.3. Loads: Upward bending loads from the wing lift force that supports the fuselage in flight. Downward bending loads due to the weights acting. Drag loads dependent on airspeed and inertia. Rolling inertia loads. Chordwise twisting loads due to aerodynamic effects at high airspeeds. 2.1.4. Materials: Wooden construction Early aircraft used spars carved from solid Spruce or Ash. Wooden spar types have been used and tried with such as spars which are box-section in form; or laminated spars which are laid up in a jig, and compression glued to retain the wing dihedral. Wooden spars are still being used in light aircraft such as the Robin DR400. Metal spars A common metal spar in a general aviation aircraft generally consists of a sheet aluminium spar web, with L or T -shaped spar caps being welded or riveted to the top and bottom of the sheet to prevent buckling under applied loads. Tubular metal spars The German Junkers J.I armoured fuselage ground-attack sesquiplane of 1917 used a Hugo Junkers -designed multi-tube network of several tubular wing spars, placed just under the corrugated duralumin wing covering and with each tubular spar connected to the adjacent one with a space frame of triangulated duralumin strips riveted onto the spars. Advantages Gives substantial increase in structural strength at a time when most other designs were built with wood-structure wings. Geodesic construction In aircraft such as the Vickers Wellington, a geodesic wing spar structure was employed which had the advantages of being lightweight and able to withstand heavy battle damage with only partial loss of strength. Composite construction Nowadays aircraft use carbon fibre and Kevlar in their construction, ranging in size from large airliners to small aircraft. Companies have employed solid fibreglass spars in their designs but now often use carbon fibre in their high performance gliders such as the ASG 29 Advantages The increase in strength and reduction in weight compared to the earlier fibreglass-sparred aircraft allows a greater quantity of water ballast to be carried. 2.1.5. Disadvantages: The wooden spar has a danger of the deteriorating effect that atmospheric conditions, both dry and wet, and biological threats such as wood-boring insect infestation and fungal attack can have on the wooded spars; consequently regular inspections are often mandated to maintain airworthiness. Similar disadvantages on metal spars limit their use. 2.2 Ribs 2.2.1. Definition: In an aircraft,  ribs  are forming elements of the structure of a  wing. Ribs are attached to the main  spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals they form a skeletal shape. Usually ribs incorporate the  airfoil  shape of the wing. They are the cross-section shape of a wing. The ribs can be classified according to the types of load acting on it. Lightly loaded ribs are subjected to aerodynamic loads while a rib is subjected to concentrated forces transferred from primary points is considered as moderately loaded rib. 2.2.2 Function: Maintain the sectional shape of wing box. Function as panel breakers for stringers. Provide support for attachment of other systems. Distribute locally applied air pressure loads. 2.2.3. Stiffness: The ribs contribute little to the overall stiffness of the wing box and also carry little of global bend and twist loads acting on the wing. 2.2.4. Loads: Loads acting on the ribs are of three types: Loads transmitted from the skin-stringer wing panels. Concentrated forces transmitted to the rib due to landing gear connections, power plants nacelle connections, etc Body forces in the form of gravitational forces. Inertia forces due to wing structural mass. 2.2.5. Materials: Ribs are made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites, foam. Carbon reinforced composites (CFC) or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are used extensively in aircraft structures as they give high stiffness and strength with lower weight. 2.2.6. Advantages and Disadvantages: Wooden ribs are subjected to atmospheric deterioration. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-loads-acting-on-ribs/report-5.html 2.3. Stringers or Longerons Interior of a Boeing/ Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers. 2.3.1. Definition: A longeron  or  stringer  or  stiffener  is a thin strip of wood, metal or carbon fibre, to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened. Longerons are attached to  formers  in the case of the fuselage, or  ribs  in the case of a wing, or  empennage. In early aircraft, a fabric covering was sewn to the longerons, and then stretched tight by painting it with  dope, which would make the fabric shrink, and become stiff. 2.3.2. Properties: Longeron and stringer are used interchangeably. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are less in number (usually 4 to 8), they are called longerons. The longeron system requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in/10 to 15 cm). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) then they are called stringers. In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in/38 to 51 cm). Longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. 2.3.3. Advantages: On modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because its more weight efficient despite being complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft, use a combination of both stringers and longerons. The stringers carry bending moments and axial forces. They also stabilize the thin fuselage skin. 3. Power Plant: A power plant consists of propeller and engine.   The main function of the engine is to supply power to run the propeller. It also generates electrical power, provides vacuum source for flight instruments, and provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers. The engine is covered by a cowling, or in some airplanes, surrounded by a nacelle. Its purpose is to streamline the flow of air around the engine and to help cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller on the front of the engine converts the rotating force of the engine into forward acting force called thrust that helps move the airplane through the air. 4. Landing gear: Every matter has its base on which it stands. The principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing is its landing gear. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow. The landing gear consists of three wheels two main wheels-tail wheels and a third wheel positioned either at the front or rear of the airplane-nose wheel, the design is referred to as a tricycle gear A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.    5. Fuselage Fuselage is aircrafts main body and covers the majority of the airplane, it holds all other pieces of the aircraft together and other large components are attached to it. The fuselage is generally streamlined to reduce drag. Designs for fuselages vary widely. The fuselage houses the cockpit where the pilot and flight crew sit and it provides areas for passengers and cargo. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. 5.1. Types of Fuselage Structures: Truss Structure Geodesic construction Monocoque Shell Semi-monocoque 5.5.1. Truss Structure: This kind of structure is used in lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses. A box truss fuselage structure can also be built out of wood-covered with plywood. 5.1.2. Geodesic construction: Geodesic structural elements used by during the wars, World War II, to form the whole of the fuselage, including its shape. In this multiple flat strip stringers are wound about the formers in opposite spiral directions, giving a basket-like appearance. This proved to be light, strong, and rigid and had the advantage of being made almost entirely of wood. Its redundant structure can survive localized damage without catastrophic failure. 5.1.3. Monocoque Shell In this method, the exterior surface of the fuselage is also the primary structure. A typical early form of this built using moulded plywood, where the layers of plywood are formed over a plug or within a mould. A later form of this structure uses fibreglass cloth impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin, instead of plywood, as the skin. A simple form of this used in some amateur-built aircraft uses rigid expanded foam plastic as the core, with a fibreglass covering, eliminating the necessity of fabricating moulds, but requiring more effort in finishing. An example of a larger moulded plywood aircraft is the de Havilland Mosquito fighter/light bomber of World War II. No plywood-skin fuselage is truly monocoque, since stiffening elements are incorporated into the structure to carry concentrated loads that would otherwise buckle the thin skin. The use of moulded fibreglass using negative (female) moulds (which give a nearly finished product) is prevalent in the series production of ma ny modern sailplanes. 5.1.4. Semi-monocoque. This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminium fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture, or jig. These frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet aluminium, attached by riveting or by bonding with special adhesives. The fixture is then disassembled and removed from the completed fuselage shell, which is then fitted out with wiring, controls, and interior equipment such as seats and luggage bins. Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique, but use several large sections constructed in this fashion which are then joined with fasteners to form the complete fuselage. As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where a large number of identical aircraft are to be produced. Both monocoque and semi-monocoque are referred to as stressed skin structures as all or a portion of the external load (i.e. from wings and empennage, and from discrete masses such as the engine) is taken by the surface covering. In addition, the entire load from internal pressurization is carried (as skin tension) by the external skin. As stated above we are now familiar with the prime components of an airplane. Now let us get into detail, and understand the components such as the bulkhead, Frames, Ribs, Spars, Stringers (Longerons), and Skins. 5.2. BULKHEADS 5.2.1. Definition: A bulkhead is the physical partition that divides a plane or a fuselage into different classes or sections. Typically, a bulkhead is a wall but can also be a curtain or screen. In addition to separating classes from one another, i.e. business and economy, bulkheads can be found throughout the plane, separating the seats from the galley and lavatory areas. Bulkheads also contribute to the structural stability and rigidity of a craft. 5.2.2. Uses: 5.2.3. Loads: 5.2.4. Materials: 5.3. FRAMES 5.3.1. Definition: The airframe provides the structure to which all other components are attached. Airframes may be welded tube, sheet metal, composite, or simply tubes bolted together. A combination of construction methods may also be employed. The airframes with the greatest strength-to-weight ratios are a carbon fibre material or the welded tube structure, which has been in use for a number of years. 5.3.2. Uses: 5.3.3. Loads: 5.3.4. Materials: Material Selection Material Usage Advantages Disadvantages High strength unidirectional graphite/epoxy Spar caps High strength, low weight High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture High modulus  ±45 ° graphite/epoxy Skin (w/foam core), Shear web, Wing ribs High strength, low weight, low surface roughness, stealth characteristics High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture Aluminum 7075-T6 Bulkheads, Longerons Low cost, ease of manufacture, good sturctural efficiency Low strength, not weldable Stainless steel (AM-350) Landing gear Relatively low cost, high strength, corrosion resistance High weight Nickel (Hastelloy B) Nozzles and ducting Temperature resistance Low structural resistance Kevlar Internal armor High strength, low weight, high impact resistance High cost, difficult to manufacture

Cinema and Religion Essay -- Religious Religion Culture Essays

Cinema and Religion Entertainment media are contributing to the emergence of new and novel forms of spiritual and religious phenomena in our contemporary (and past) culture. The essays in this issue explore diverse facets of the morphing relationship between entertainment, spirituality and culture. Over the last century, the cinema has played a vital role in the expression and representation of Judeo-Christian religious practices and beliefs. Early cinema told the life of Christ in the Passion Play and Cecil B DeMille produced two spectacular versions of The Ten Commandments in 1923 and 1956. While cinema represented religious themes and figures, religious institutions also shaped the emergence of this moving image technology and its role within Western society; the wondrous moving image provided by the cinematrographe could open the viewer’s eyes to the work of God or, somewhat paradoxically, do the Devil's work by deceiving them with its illusionary spectacles. Two significant changes in this relationship between cinema and religion are occurring in our Post-millennial era. Firstly, the cinema is now participant in a complex audio-visual and textual culture that includes both established and emerging media – a Multiverse created from computer games, comic books, television programs, theme parks, virtual reality technologies and other new media. Secondly, traditional forms of religious practices and spiritual beliefs are shifting from their familiar locations in the church and community. Once, the cinema was seen as analogous to the Church because it provided a sacred space of worship. Now, however, the theme park, the computer game and cyberspace are the realms for an emerging Post-Millennial spirituality. We need to... ...rent media that shape and inform the fantastic and the spiritual in Western culture: from Francis I, C16th King of France who, reflecting a nascent version of the media star, constructed himself as a figure of worship; to the landscapes of Stephen King story worlds that present the reader with uncanny, Gothic spaces and narrative scenarios that question the ‘normality’ of everyday reality; to the transcendental pursuits of the magician and magic lantern technology; or the worship-like experiences inherent to fan cultures. We are living in an era where cultural identities, beliefs, forms of religious community, models of consciousness and what it means to be human are being transfigured. In the light of this transfiguration this issue of Refractory considers the relationship between media, religion, and the fantastic; and the every day and the sacred and the uncanny.

Italy and Analysis Essay -- Essays Papers

Italy and Analysis COUNTRY ANALYSIS GENERAL Italy covers a land area of 301,230 sq km (116,306 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Italy is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy has high unemployment and a relatively complicated and young market oriented government. To get an idea of how Italy’s culture compares to that of the Unites States, we ran a Hofstede. United States Italy Individualism 94 78 Power Distance 41 48 Uncertainty Avoidance 45 74 Masculinity 62 68 Individualism versus collectivism focuses on the relationship between the individual and his or her fellows. In individualistic societies, the ties between individuals were loose and individual achievement and freedom were highly valued. Power distance focuses on how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. Low power distance cultures were found in societies that tried to play down such inequalities as much as possible. Uncertainty avoidance measures the extent to which different cultures socialized their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty. Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures placed a premium on job security, career patterns, retirement benefits, and so on. Lower uncertainty avoidance cultures were characterized by a greater readiness to take risks and less emotional resistance to change. Masculinity versus femininity looks at the relationship between family and work roles. In masculine cultures, the job is as important or more important than the family. After comparing Italy with the United States the only possible problem or threat in relation to cultures that Philips should note is uncertainty avoidance. This means that Italy is not quick to adopt new ideas. If Web TV is introduced into Italy, it will take more time for it to become accepted than it did in the United States. SOCIOCULTURAL PENETRATION The Internet has just started to make an impact in Italy. A recent study by Eurisko (a very reliable research company) indicates that 1.8 million people say they use the Internet. They also found that 1.1% of Italian families (216,000) have an Internet connection at home as compared to 16.7% (40 million) in the USA. The population of Italy is around 57.3 milli... ...Italy. Therefore, out of these main competitors, Toshiba is the main threat but you can never tell what will happen with future generations of a product. The interesting thing about these competitors is that they are all licensees of WEB TV. They are also scrambling to find that ultimate next generation item that duplicates WEB TV and more. These companies are trying to gain market share in the alternate and substitute products. For instance Philips is a leading manufacturer of digital TV and if they could align with a cable company around an ISP then they will compete against their own WEB TV. Philips can compete in Italy. The question is can they do it with Web TV. The answer is no. WEB TV can not operate in conjunction with the specs of European TV. Therefore, they will need to change the WEB TV and make it work or form a partnership with a new product. This market moves fast and each of these competitors could end up on top, and win the Italian market. They need the working combinations of a product that serves the Italian community and serves the new European union. Considering all the available information we give Philips a rating of 7.375 for competitiveness.

Finder and Maker Reversed in The Moviegoer Essay -- Moviegoer Essays P

Finder and Maker Reversed in The Moviegoer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Walker Percy's novel The Moviegoer chronicles a week in the life of stockbroker Binx Bolling, and his eventual marriage with his step-cousin Kate Cutrer. More than that, it sketches Binx's peculiar philosophy, and Kate's equally strange orientation, and their eventual transposition. Binx begins as an enjoyer of reality, a searcher, or finder of relief from tedium, and Kate as a frantic searcher who becomes a maker of crises to relieve her post-modern ennui. But by the end of the novel, their beginning positions are almost reversed, muddled together to form a more healthy relationship. Both Binx and Kate are self-aware characters in a world of actors, the only ones to realize the inherent falseness, the cliches, in all things. The very characters sound like movie stars' pseudonyms: Binx Bolling, Lyle Lovell, Walter Wade, with their assonance sound all too much like Robert Redford, James Earl Jones, the too-memorable monikers of film stars. Aunt Emily's manservant Mercer is "threading his way between servility and presumption" (p. 17), now one way then the other, with a dignified appearance but "behind the mustache, his face... is not at all devoted but is as sulky as a Pullman porter's." (ibid.) Even Mercer's exaggerated breathing while serving dishes (pp. 156-157) is the act of a stereotypical servant made ridiculous. Binx's biological mother displays "a fondness carefully guarded against the personal, the heartfelt, a fondness deliberately rendered trite." (p. 139) The radio program "I Believe" (p. 95) is a collection of hoary platitudes, and Binx's "pleasant tin gling sensation in the groin" afterwards (p. 96) reveals it as nothing but moral masturbation. Binx's Theosop... ...tion to detail is still there -- "Why is he so yellow?" "He's got hepatitis." (p. 209) But Kate seems healthier, whether through treatment with Merle or association with Binx. And her self-destructive practice of crisis creation seems quelled -- instead, Binx has become her director, her "cinematographer." The care with which they plot out her errand -- what streetcar to ride, where to sit, where to wear her cape jasmine -- is like the close composition of a camera shot, all so that Binx, through his imagination, can keep Kate 'in focus' and sane. He is no longer the passive observer, but the active arranger; she no longer the out-of-control crisis-creator, but an obedient actress looking for direction. Binx has moved on to the true movie-lover's dream: he has become a director. Works Cited Percy, Walker. The Moviegoer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1961.

Computerized Budgeting

Computerized Budgeting MGMT 360 Budgeting has been a major part of forecasting how companies spend their money throughout the fiscal year. In most companies, the words â€Å"it’s budget time†, strike fear in the hearts of employees. Financial officers and management accountants brace themselves for reconciling reams of spreadsheets that may reveal wildly different data depending on order and configuration. Non finance employees in various divisions scurry to understand their role in the budgeting process and struggled to pull together the facts and figures they hoped would appear attractive to management. Traditional budgeting was carried out on a pad and pen, archived in countless journals and ledgers and often stored in boxes and crates. Retrieval was a difficult task. Today, computerized budgeting (E-Budgeting) solutions have streamlined and transformed the budgeting process at all levels of an organization. This research will show the factors that contribute to every day individuals to government; that are now using E-budgeting for accurate budget and bookkeeping strategies. Before the days of calculators, computers, and the internet, companies had to budget their finances the old fashioned way. Many accountants had to have countless ledgers, journals, and books filled with the next fiscal year’s projections. At the end of the year they had to go back and reconcile all figures and see what they could do to make the next year even better. This was a very demanding task, since all they had to use was scratch paper, abacuses, and lots of ink. Since technology was not yet able to provide ease to these tasks, the actual task of budgeting and bookkeeping was costly and largely ineffective. Traditional budgeting had many problems. Many employees of companies were unaware about what the company needed in order to make the budget work. With many employees not knowing what information was important and what wasn’t, many budgets and forecast tools were inaccurate. Another weakness was that historical data and past budgets were harder to access. Steve Hornyak of Management Accounting Magazine explains: â€Å"The biggest drawback of traditional budgeting systems is the inability of participating individuals to access and use historical data during the budgeting and planning process. In fact, employees or managers attempting to allocate their sliver of the company funds often work in a vacuum. Without access to historical budgeting information, creating a budget from the ground up or making alterations to the existing budget may become tedious — and sometimes futile — tasks for nonfinance users† (Hornyak, 1998). With employees unable to contribute true validity to the budget and the key historical data missing, bookkeeping was quite difficult. Another stumbling block traditional budgeting presented became obvious when separate departments or different regions within a parent company would try to pool their records together. All figures and numerical records were united and the CFO would make a final projection. However, if one department’s figures were off or slightly miscalculated, the company’s budget as a whole was inaccurate. Companies knew that something had to be done. Ian Henderson of Management Accounting Magazine states: â€Å"The majority of the problems encountered with budgeting arise from managing the process itself†¦The choice for large [organizations] is either to loose many of the undoubted benefits in planning and control offered by budgeting or to apply a software solution to the process and make it less troublesome, less costly and more effective† (Henderson, 1997). Computerized budgeting allows departments using the same program, to bring all figures into one general location, saving countless man hours. With the introduction of advanced data-entry techniques, the undertaking of budgeting each year became easier and easier. Computers helped add and subtract much faster and more accurately, so entering key figures in a spreadsheet became the wave of the future. It made life easier for accountants so they could show their finance departments and other clients exactly how money was going to be spent. It helped create exact figures making pie charts, line graphs and other figure representatives accurate. E-Budgeting has many different aspects and facets. The most useful part of e-budgeting is that it completely automates the budgeting process. Steve Hornyak defines e-budgeting: â€Å"An e-budgeting solution completely automates the development of an organization's budget and forecast. †¦ Web-based enterprise budgeting systems offer a centrally administered system that provides easy-to-use, flexible tools for the end users who are responsible for budgeting† (Hornyak, 2008). The author of the article points out how the technology computerizes the process of making an effective budget. This helps anyone from a small family to a government department with the means of tracking and monitoring a budget. As technology continued to advance, these methods became easier to obtain and utilize. Anyone from the smallest Mom & Pop Store to government officials could enter the necessary information and see exactly how and where their money was going to be divided. Once the internet was created, companies could create inter-office emails and memos making sharing the information that much easier. Companies were able to save money and focus man power more effectively with each new and improved software addition. Most programs used to make budgets that are available to the general public are stand alone applications. These programs stay on the same computer they were created, and don’t need to interact with other software or computers on a related network or the internet. The data created and stored on these programs also stay in one centralized location. This type of budgeting is useful with small families and companies since there is no need to let the information reach the wrong hands. Programs and applications that use outside servers and client formats are usually associated with bigger companies and departments that have many employees over different parts of the country. Some companies use programs that interact with many different financial agencies across the country and even the world. Financial Executive Magazine reviewed a new service offered by Ebudgeting. com and explained its useful tools: â€Å"Ebudgets. om, a specialist in Web-based budgeting and planning technology, has delivered ebudgets 3. 0, a release that it says give large and complex companies increased â€Å"dynamic control† over their budget processes. The software automates budget consolidation, giving management an immediate budget overview† (14, 2000). These companies need services such as this when there are multiple stores or divisions of a parent company. CFOs and other executives need an instant overview of how certain regions and departments are doing financially, in order to make informed decisions and executive judgments. Having budgeting tools that are able to integrate with other financial programs or systems is quite a useful feature. Companies have learned how to create tools and make the entire financing process become one easy process. A company out of Richmond, VA, The Bookkeeping Department, created a product with the same qualities. Accounting Technology Magazine explains: â€Å"Key to the success of The Bookkeeping Department is the deployment of an electronic document management solution that integrates with the most prevalent SMB [Small –to-Medium Business] accounting system, Intuit's QuickBooks†. Scott Vaden. , President of The Bookkeeping Department, found the perfect integrated solution in CNG-Books, Cabinet NCi's electronic document management system that streamlines Quick-Books data entry and document filing into one consistent and efficient electronic process. By uniting QuickBooks transactions with business documents, CNG-Books makes filing, locating, and sharing documents simple, seamless, and secure† (SR25, 2008). This new program is an excellent example of how financial agencies and departments are able to share information and help ease the process of bookkeeping. Using computerized budgeting tools and programs have many benefits to a company. One major benefit is helping to cover liability when it comes time to interact with the government and make figures public. For example, many times companies who had prepared taxes using older budgeting and bookkeeping methods were held responsible for any mistakes made, costing a company unnecessary fines and expenses. Now with computerized assistance and internet support, companies can avoid such penalties. Wayne Shulz of Accounting Technology Magazine explains: â€Å"Even the best payroll staff can make mistakes with the confusing array of payroll tax deposit rules. Nearly every payroll processing company protects you against costly tax deposit penalties and interest by guaranteeing timeliness of your online tax payments†¦If there's a mistake in computation or timeliness, the processor pays and not your company† (Shulz, 2009). This shows how using computers and having interacting financial agencies saves companies money. Another way computerized budgeting helps companies is by bringing together different parts of the company thus increasing employee participation. Once the process of making a budget is streamlined, many employees don’t mind being apart of it. Lesley Meall of AccountancyMagazine. com spoke with Dave Turner of Coda Inc. in a recent issue. Turner was quoted as saying: â€Å"'We are seeing a lot more collaboration on budgeting,' he says, and the process is arguably becoming more useful. As more people become involved and the process becomes more accurate, people feel more important and empowered,'† (Meall, 2008). With an easier system in place, inter-department collaboration is an idea many are able to grasp. One last advantage new-age budgeting creates is helping save time and money in the budgeting process. By using computers many companies are able to save paper, not having to create and copy existing budgets or taking up space storing old budgets. With the recent growing popularity of going green, many companies have taken conserving resources to heart. AccountancyMagazine. com continues: â€Å"Going green can save money as well as the planet, but it can be difficult to know where to begin, so the sustainable business experts at Envirowise are offering help in the form of an interactive online tool. † It allows businesses to get the information they need to get started quickly and easily,' said spokesperson Mary Leonard, ‘highlighting those measures that are likely to provide them with the greatest cost-savings benefits in the areas most relevant to their business'† (Henderson, 2009). This shows cutting costs in any way helps not only the bottom line for companies but also has a positive effect on the environment. In conclusion, there are many benefits to using computerized budgeting programs both on and off the internet. The use of these programs helps simplify and expedite the making of budgets and bookkeeping for both the financial savvy and the fiscal illiterate. Dragging and dropping figures, more accurate results, effective presentation options make computerized budgeting the best practice for everyone. Traditional budgeting has had its share of inefficiencies and flaws in the past. Today, newer technologies and faster computing methods have helped to alleviate most, if not all, of those issues. References †¢ Henderson, Ian. (October 1997). Does Budgeting Have To Be So Troublesome? Management Accounting: Magazine for Chartered Management Accountants. 75(9). P. 1. †¢ Hornyak, Steve. (October 1998). Budgeting Made Easy. Management Accounting: Magazine for Chartered Management Accountants. 80(4). P. 1. †¢ Meall, Leslie. (February 2008). A Marriage Made In Heaven: Budgeting Technology. Accountancy Magazine. p. 65. †¢ Shulz, Wayne. (April 2009). Online Payroll Can Save You Money: Letting Someone Else Wade Through The Process Can Benefit Clients. Accountancy Technology. p. 18. †¢ Financial Executive review of E-Budgeting. com (September/October 2000). Retrieved April 23rd from Financial Executive Magazine website. p. 14 †¢ Soaring With Integrated Electronic Document Management: Accounting Technology (June 2008). Retrieved from Accounting Technology website on April 24th. p. SR25. †¢ Boost Your Bottom Line: Accountancy Magazine. (February 2009). Retrieved from the Accounting Magazine website on April 24th. p. 55.

Cgi (Computer Generated Imagery)

Sandra Lewis English 102. 033 Mr. Larsen April 3, 2011 Computer-Generated Imagery Forever Changes The Face Of Film And Television Movies were entirely revolutionized in the 1990s after the release of Toy Story (1995), the first feature length animation made entirely from CGI (computer-generated imagery) to be released. When it came to the drawing boards, productions companies changed the ways they had traditionally made animated movies. Movies made with CGI became easier to produce, more eye appealing, and realistic. The production of movies was entirely renovated.In the world of animation, CGI made the creating and editing of animated movies possible to change a scene in a month rather then a year. Movies have stuck to CGI majority of the time making it the new standard for most viewers, the new type competition between production companies, and the new requirement on resumes for hopeful animators. CGI gave the production of science-fiction movies the possibility to have a realistic feel. The significant differences between CGI and classical hand-drawn animations are not only the obvious; one being done by computer and one is on paper.The biggest difference is time efficiency and believability. A computer-generated image can be done one of two ways: a picture that is hand-drawn and then scanned into a computer or an entirely computer produced image, with a software specially designed for computer made imagery (Abbott, Pg. 91). After this step computer animators can move images around in one thousandth of the time it would take to move a hand-drawn image. Hypothetically meaning that if a hand-drawn scene took you twenty-four hours to move images around, with a CGI it would take twenty-four seconds. That changes the entire playing field when it comes to filmmaking.The ability to go in and out of scenes and move the image or objects not wanted, without distorting the background or surrounding images, is a step that has made CGI animator friendly. The images and s cenes that have been created are easily adjusted to perfection. For example in the television series The Silver Surfer which was a blending of cel and computer-generated imagery, it was possible to move him from one side of the screen to the other without distorting the rest of the image (in scenes that were completely CGI). CGI made thousands of jobs for editors and created a new field of expertise in film.With todays technology in special effects designers have walked a fine line between artist and technician. The increasing use of computer technology for special effects has made them seem more like modern day computer scientists rather then their predecessors. â€Å"Not only does the hardware and software require the highest level of computer expertise to operate, but the technicians must research, develop, and experiment with the technology in order to acquire its desired effects. † (Abbott, pg. 91) An animator today has to know not only how to draw and be creative, but a lso have to know how to do all of this on a computer.Therefore CGI has changed not only the production, but also the hiring and background education needed to become an animator. According to Manovich â€Å"Achieving synthetic realism means attaining two goals-the simulation of the codes of traditional cinematography and the simulation of the perceptual properties of real life objects and environments. (Bostic, Pg. 358) This is no longer just art and design of film, this is computer-programming and engineering at its very best. Movies have entirely been turned around due to the convenience and reality that CGI brings to the table. Never before have we been able to realize such fantastic imagery, blending live action with computer-generated imagery with seamless agility. † (Bostic, pg. 359) There is now a level of difficulty even for professionals in the field of special effects to determine what is reality and what is computer-generated. The imagery we see on TV and in the mo vie theatres has entirely changed what our expectations are when about to watch a movie. If a movie like Godzilla (1954) came out in todays’ world, the likely hood of it being a success is not probable.Watching a rubber suited monster attack a city is not the most eye pleasing special effect. A movie with no special effects doesn’t contain the believable factor. Where as a movie such as Jurassic Park (1993) containing several CGI, is one that brings a realistic feel to the dinosaurs. Humans and creatures/animals interacting with a realistic feel made science fiction movies much more believable. For example, in hit series of movies, Star Wars: Phantom Menace (1999) Jar-Jar Binks, a Gungan that helps Qui-Gon-Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi, was completely CGI created and continuously standing near humans.The combination of background, scenery and creatures mixed with humans in outer space was â€Å"mind blowing† cool. The series became one of the most popular of all time. When imagining CGI involving humans and creatures, I think of a creature of social reality as well as a possible creature of science fiction (a hybrid machine). The ability to do this has opened a futuristic and fictional possibility to movies that was never possible. To watch a human on screen mutate, transform, or travel through time and dreams, creates a world that one can only imagine.CGI has turned horror, fantasy, and martial art into a form of hybridized science fiction. According to Abbott In Terminator 2: Judgment day (1991) â€Å"No longer simply the fusion of flesh and a metal endoskeleton, the new terminator was supposedly made of liquid metal able to transform from one shape to another. † (Abbott, Pg 92) Every year fiction movies are becoming more innovative with all the possibilities CGI offers. CGI has brought so much potential to the drawing boards of the movie industry. The industry has been using CGI in majority of movies for the past 15 years since the rel ease of Toy Story.The difference between Toy Story and Toy Story 3 in graphics is hardly noticeable. The biggest differences are within the new TV resolutions and Blu-Ray players. CGI has been some what updated and few glitches have been fixed, but it remains to be as used and as efficient as it was once Pixar mastered it with Toy Story in the mid ‘1990s. A movie such as Avatar, which is widely known for its graphics and unbelievable imagery, is setting new standards for CGI in the world of film. â€Å"After writing this story many years ago, James Cameron discovered that the technology he needed to make it happen did not exist.So, he went out and created it in collaboration with the best effects minds in the business. This is motion capture brought to a new high where every detail of the actors' performances gets preserved in the final CG character as they appear on the screen. Yes, those eyes are no longer dead holes but big and expressive, almost dominating the wide and lo ng alien faces. † (Honeycutt) James Cameron spent several years with highly trained computer-graphic engineers trying to exceed the limits of computer-generated imagery. In the end, after working so hard to bring a new level of realism to CGI, he made billions and broke more CGI barriers.It would be at the most difficulty to argue that CGI has not changed the, expectations that viewers have when entering a movie theater with, the requirements needed to be a successful animator today, the change in production of movies, and the possibilities that producers can bring to the screen. A film without CGI is typically not as good, because all of the films that come out of the cinema as blockbusters include a great amount of CGI and explosions, therefore as an audience we now expect them. Movies, television, and advertisement have been changed with CGI to please the audience and take cinema to a new possible level.Works Cited. Abbott, Stacey. â€Å"Final Frontiers: Computer-Generated Imagery and the Science Fiction Film. â€Å"Science Fiction Studies 33. 1 (2006): 89-108. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 4 Apr. 2011. Bostic, Adam I. Automatax: Seeing Cyborg Through the Eyes of Popular Culture, Computer-Generated Imagery, and Contemporary Theory. Leonardo, Vol. 31, No. 5, Sixth Annual New York Digital Salon (1998( pp. 357-361). Jstor. The MIT Press. ND. Honeycutt, Kirk. Avatar-Film Review. Hollywoodreporter. com. THR. ND. WEB. December 10, 2009. Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media. Cambridge. MA: MIT , 2001

Why War Is Necessary

For as far back as mankind dates back in it's existence, there has always been and always will be war. History all throughout the world holds numerous acts of war dating all the way back to the early years of civilization, up until even today's most recent problems. I believe war is a perfectly necessary action, especially when a hostile force makes unjustifiable attacks that put the safety of our country at jeopardy. This does not mean that every issue's solution has to be war. Simply, this means you deserve to be able to protect yourself against a bully.Of course there will always be the thought of being able to live in peace and harmony, but is that a realistic goal? There will always be bad guys with guns who wont take no for an answer. When an aggressor starts a conflict, you can make the choice to either defend what is yours by fighting back or you can surrender to their demands. I have worked hard for the things I have, and if going to war means protecting what is right then b y all means, it is justified. America is the land of the free, and home of the brave.We have come a long ways to become what we are now. Our country provides everyone with freedom and equal opportunities. There is no dictator to force us into living a certain way, the people got to make the choice in who they want to lead us. Freedom is a wonderful thing to have, and there should be no reason why another country should be allowed to get in the way of that. If a hostile country starts to push us around and become a treat to our freedom, we need to push back or else they just might take it from us.Look back on what happened December 7, 1941, â€Å"Sudden and unexpected attacks on Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, and other United States possessions in the Pacific early yesterday by the Japanese air force and navy plunged the United States and Japan into active war. †(ny times article) Japan landed a surprise attack on American soil. If war is an unnecessary action then how are we suppose d to know that more attacks, just like the ones that happened at Pearl Harbor, wont continue? If we don't flex back and show our real strength and muscle of this great country then we are just sitting ducks waiting to be spotted.Nobody is going to pick on someone that they know can defend and protect themselves. A common point made by those who are against war is that it will make our bad economy even worse. I really don't see how that could become an issue taking into account that to go to war food, ammunition, weapons, gear, and a whole lot of other stuff is going to be purchased. Obviously the government is going to have to spend money to acquire these things, but in turn wont that give more job opportunities from increased production needs from all the companies that make what our soldiers need?At first a large portion of money will be used up, but when the companies begin hiring more workers, then those workers will spend there money in other places on other necessities which i n the long run starts a cycle of stimulation within our economy. If there is an adequate amount of demand in a company, then there can only be an adequate amount of employees. But if that same company keeps getting more demand of their products, then they will have to hire more people to meet those demands.Frederic Bastiat, a french economist, was very well known for introduction of this idea through the parable â€Å"The Broken Window† which is apart of his essay What Is Seen and What Is Not Seen. A part of the broken window parable includes, â€Å"It's an ill wind that blows nobody some good. Such accidents keep industry going. Everybody has to make a living. What would become of the glaziers if no one ever broke a window? †(That Which is Seen, and That Which is Not Seen) In this, he illustrates how destruction can have a positive effect on society.In this essay, he proves a very good point that destruction might not be a good thing for whoever has to pay for the ini tial damages, but if things were to never get broken or need to be replaced, how would money be made to be spent in other places? Everyone needs to make a living somehow. Whether it happens to be your son accidentally breaking your window with a baseball or even something as bad as a hostile nation delivering a surprise attack which results in war, the unintended consequences that happen everyday are what help to create the opportunities of work that pay for us to survive.The link between war and technology has always been impeccably close. Neither of them would be successful without the support from the other. That is why if war wasn't necessary, then a lot of today's modern technology wouldn't even be invented yet. The outcome of having technology that is old and outdated, instead of having the latest technological breakthrough in your military's equipment has a high potential that could very well cost you the war. Over and over again, our history proves that the biggest advances in technological growth have been a result of warfare.A perfect example of this statement would be how the invention of the tank in the first World War helped Britain achieve victory. In this war, the introduction of the machine gun made it possible to kill large amounts of soldiers at ease which had forced combat on both sides into trench warfare. In order for either side to advance forward, their only choice was to charge straight into rows of machine guns that were just waiting to mow all of them down.In desperate need of some way to cross through the no mans land between the two sides, attention was brought to the idea of an armored vehicle with all terrain capabilities able to handle driving across the trenches. Armored vehicles had been made before but they were built only to handle normal terrain, so the British created the first armored vehicle that could handle the muddy terrain of the trenches giving them the upper hand later on that lead to their victory in WWI.This makes it very clear that war does help advance the progression of our technology, because if we didn't need a way to get through the rough terrain of the trenches, the tank wouldn't have been able to start off the mechanized warfare era. Frequently it get brought up that it is bad to use our resources to develop and test new technologies. How are we supposed to compete against other countries who are developing their technologies just as fast as us if we don't spend the money on researching and testing new materials?If you think about it though, it is worth having to pay a little extra money to keep your country as safe as possible. Change is a good thing that everyone can benefit from. In an interview with author P. W. Singer, he explains how the military's evolved technologies have changed how war is fought. After being asked how the society of mankind has been help from advancements, he answers, â€Å"No technology is â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad. † Is your toaster evil? Yo ur computer? A Predator drone? They're all technologies, and what we've seen throughout history is that war jump-starts technological growth.During wartime we see a massive investment in research and development, and a vast amount of human ingenuity applied to the creation of deadly devices. But the creation of these devices can have a ripple effect throughout society. For example, without the V-2s that devastated European cities we probably wouldn't have the Saturn V rocket that helped put humans on the moon. †(Military Analyst Interview) He proves to us just how war has given a â€Å"jump-start† in the overall growth. If it weren't for all the advances in war technologies over the years, a lot of the things we have today probably wouldn't even exist yet to us.George Washington once said, â€Å"To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace. † Putting an end to war would be a wonderful solution, but in reality, it will never happen . There is no doubt that war is evil, but it is a necessary evil. It is necessary because it defends our freedom. I love my country, I love my family, I love how my life is now and if anyone wants to try and take that away from me or change that, it gives us the right to protect ourselves.There should be no reason for us to live in fear of some dictator, we have made America what it is today and what we have, many other other countries don't. When war becomes the necessary solution to a problem, sure there will be some problems that come along with it but there will never be a perfect solution. Even an ugly thing like war can have it's beauties. It stimulates the countries economy, protects our individual freedom, and can bring with it new technologies that can help make our everyday lives easier.

Letting God Flow Through You Essay

As mortal beings, we cannot be sure that we will be alive to perform the tasks we have intended to perform, regardless of whether we have planned for tomorrow or another day in future. It is for this reason that Dr. Wayne Dyer’s book, The Power of Intention, advises us to go with the divine flow that gave us life and would lead us on to perform the chores we have intended to perform. According to Dr. Dyer, there is nothing that we do without the divine energy that does not only support us in making intentions but also completes the chores for us with excellence. Thus, intention may be referred to as God. Dr. Dyer states that there are seven facets of intention, that is, creativity, kindness, love, beauty, expansion, abundance, and receptivity. We all desire to be creative, for example, just as we desire to be shown kindness to and be loved. However, according to Dr. Dyer’s advice – it is not possible to remove the obstacles from the way unless we have intended to go with the divine flow to receive these blessings from God. After all, the mulish, oft negative ego may try to get in the way. What is the solution to negativity, that is, feeling bad and unable to achieve our goals? According to Dr. Dyer, we would just have to trust God or the divine energy that flows through us in order to complete the tasks assigned us in this lifetime. Thus, in order to be happy, we would simply have to align ourselves with the feeling of happiness that is always ready to flow through us. There may be any number of things for us to feel happy about. As an example, if we are gifted with eyesight we can be grateful for that and enjoy the blessing with the awareness that some people are born blind. But, we cannot wait on achievement of our goals. We simply have to trust, and flow. Each moment we live becomes a blessing this way. And, our goals are achieved with God (Dyer). Works Cited Dyer, Wayne. The Power of Intention. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 200

Leisure & Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leisure & Tourism - Essay Example Researchers have identified several motivations, from which leisure is founded upon. According to Daniel (2006, p 166), motivation could be intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation. Intrinsic motivation originates internally from an individual due to the benefits accrued from leisure, such as pleasure and enjoyment. Extrinsic factors motivate people to engage in leisure to attain other goals besides pleasure and fun. This paper is a critical analysis of findings by a number of researchers, on various factors, which motivate leisure based activities in a family. According to Alex and Song (2004, p 57), a family can either be extended or nuclear, with varying ages of parents and children. However, the basic motivation of each and every family member for leisure is driven mainly by the psychological results, which in turn determines their behavior in day to day activities (Alex, and Song 2004, p 57). In this respect, an individual decision or choice to engage in a particular leisure activity is a result of ones belief, on how well he will do the activity and what the activity means to him (Alex, and Song 2004, p 58). From this argument, people in a family set up engage in engage in leisure to reap particular psychological desires. Researchers have found out several psychological desires that motivate people in a family set up to engage in leisure. These motivations include: achievement, stimulation, independence, leadership, risk taking, mastery of equipment or machine, family togetherness and adventure (Alex, and Song 2004, p 59). According to Kivel, (2007, p 86), enhancing family unity is the main motivation for leisure in a family. Presently due to ever increasing demands at work, most parents do not have time to catch up with their children and other extended family members. In this regard, time specifically to bond with family members is increasingly being set

Tiny houses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tiny houses - Essay Example The film centers around Christopher Smith, who decided to build his house in the spring of the year 2011. At the onset of the movie, Smith describes that his motivation for building the house was because he did not have a ton of money to use in bigger constructions, therefore, considered a financial independence. He points that similarly, the people who built their small houses had the same motivation. For instance, interviews with the tiny house personalities like Jay Shafer, Tammy Stroebel, Deek Diedricksen and other healthy people who chose to live in as tiny as 84 sq ft dwellings (Mueller and Smith). Despite the aesthetic and the value design of the living small houses, the primary motivation that the luminaries gave was on financial independence. As Shafer notes of the tiny life, â€Å"the principal asset is freedom.† Therefore, with a lower overhead, lack of room for extraneous purchases, makes the tiny house life inexpensive that the residents allowed and left to live the way they prefer (Zeiger and Ngo 105). The prime motivation of people to live in the communes, squats, tent cities, Eco-villages and the sustainable housing is derived from the desire reap the physiological benefit. In accord, a desire to reduce one’s physical footprint on the natural environment. The physiological benefit realized lies on one’s peace of mind and a feeling of contentment. A sense of self-satisfaction in the movie is whereby each household involves itself in the act of small house construction. One, therefore, feel contented in doing something constructive that ends up creatively designed and has a twin benefit to the society. More intricate, from the point that a woman can do a task and be as significant as their male counterparts in constructions, is something of significance. For instance, in the film, we see the buildout of Smith assisted by his girlfriend, Merete Mueller. Therefore unfolding the gender